TENSE Present tense Past perfect tense Past tense

TENSE Present tense Past perfect tense Past tense Present perfect tense Future perfect tense

TENSE • Tense adalah ciri-ciri kata kerja yang menunjukkan waktu kejadian atau keadaan yang digambarkan. Tense Present Past Perfect Past Active Voice I call He calls I had called He had called I called He called Passive Voice I am calling I had been called He is calling He had been called I was called You were called He was called Progressive Active I am calling I had been calling He is calling He had been calling I was calling He was calling Progressive Passive (hanya berlaku utk present dan past) I was being called You were being called I am being He is being called You are being called

TENSE Tense Present Perfect Future Perfect Active Voice I have called He has called I will call He will call I will have called He will have called Passive Voice I have been called He has been called I will be called He will be called I will have been called He will have been called Progressive Active I have been calling He has been calling I will be calling He will be calling I will have been calling He will have been calling

Bagian-bagian Utama Kata Kerja • Kata kerja membentuk bermacam tenses dari keempat bagian- bagian utamanya, yaitu: 1. Infinitive : call 2. Present participle : calling 3. Past tense : called 4. Past participle : called • Kata kerja call yang digunakan sbg contoh digolongkan sebagai kata kerja bentuk regular (beraturan), karena membentuk bagian-bagian utamanya dengan menambahkan ing atau ed • Kata kerja yg membentuk past tense dan past participle dgn mengubah vowel pd infinitive-nya digolongkan sbg kt kerja bentuk irregular seperti draw. Bagian-bagian utama dr dra adalah draw, drawing, drew, dan drawn

MEANING BEHIND TENSE Simple Present Kebiasaan sehari-hari dan masih berlangsung She makes kinds of cookies Simple Past Kejadian lampau dan sekarang sudah tidak terjadi lagi She made kinds of cookies yesterday. Simple Future Tense Akan terjadi sesudah sekarang She will make kinds of cookies (next month) Past Future Tense Akan terjadi di masa lampau She would make kinds of cookies (last month) Present Perfect sekarang telah selesai She has made kinds of cookies (now) Past Perfect telah selesai di waktu lampau She had made kinds of cookies (last month)

MEANING BEHIND TENSE Present Continuous sedang berlangsung sekarang She is making kinds of cookies (now) Past Continuous sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau dan tidak pernah berdiri sendiri melainkan selalu disertasi oleh Simple Past She was making kinds of cookies (yesterday), when I came there. Present Future Perfect akan telah terjadi di masa datang She will have made kinds of cookies (next month) Past Future Perfect akan telah tejadi di masa lalu namun tidak terjadi She would have made kinds of cookies (last month) if. . . (CONDITIONAL)

MEANING BEHIND TENSE Future Continuous Akan sedang berlangsung sementara waktu She will be making kinds of cookies (next month) if. . . Past Future Continuous akan sedang berlangsung di masa lalu namun tidak terjadi She would be making kinds of cookies (yesterday) if. . . (CONDITIONAL) Present Perfect Continuos telah berlangsung sampai sekarang She has been making kinds of cookies (since. . . ) Past Perfect Continuous telah berlangsung sebelumnya She had been making kinds of cookies (since. . . )

MEANING BEHIND TENSE Future Perfect Continuos akan telah berlangsung di masa datang She will have been making kinds of cookies during next Ramadhan. Past Future Continuous Past Future Perfect Continuous She would have been making kinds of cookies (during next Ramadhan) if. . . (CONDITIONAL)

PRESENT TENSE • I like you. (kejadian saat ini) • The 747 always flies smoothly. (kebiasaan) • The earth is not flat. (general fact / kenyataan) • The sun rises in the east. (kejadian selalu berlaku sepanjang waktu)

PAST PERFECT TENSE • Kejadian selesai sebelum peristiwa lampau yang lain: She had left by the time I arrived. (arrived merupakan past tense; had left merupakan past perfect tense. ) The dog had eaten all the cat’s food before I walked into the kitchen. (walked merupakan past tense; had eaten merupakan past perfect tense. )

PAST TENSE • Peristiwanya selesai di masa lampau • The movie ended at 9: 45 • Tamara ate everything on her plate. • He sat down, took out a notebook and pen, and started writing. • I was good at dancing when I was a teenager. • She baked a cake yesterday. • He stayed up all night. • We played baseball day.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE • Peristiwanya dimulai di waktu lampau dan berlangsung hingga saat ini. • The tree has grown rapidly since last spring. • I have found myself troubled by some of his actions. • I have had a cold for a week. • She has been to Paris. • We have had 4 exams so far this semester. • They still haven’t arrived. • She hasn’t finished her homework yet. • My niece has grown a lot in the past year.

FUTURE TENSE • Tindakan sederhana yang terjadi di masa depan. • The book will be returned. • I will eat my dinner.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE • A completed action before something in the future : By the time you arrived, I will have finished the project. • Duration before something in the future : By Friday, she will have had my car for a whole week! • Question form: Will she have graduated from college by then? • Negative statements : By 201, I won’t have completed my Ph. D.