Status of the NSW project Paolo Iengo INFN

Status of the NSW project Paolo Iengo (INFN Naples) On behalf of NSW Italian groups: Bologna, Cosenza, Frascati, Lecce, Napoli, Pavia, Roma 1, Roma 2, Roma 3

Introduction The Small Wheels Pseudorapidity coverage: 1. 3 < |h| < 2. 7 Big. Wheel L 1 trigger chambers The innermost station of the muon endcap Located between endcap calo and toroid 2 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Why the NSWs are needed? � Tracking: � Trigger: � Current tracking detector are marginal for the Phase-1 upgrade, unusable after Phase-2 � L 1 muon trigger rate in the End-cap dominated by fakes (>90%) 8 -9 times larger than in Barrel � In Phase-2 expected hit rate up to 14 k. Hz/cm 2 (1. 5 safety factor); >5 MHz/ MDT tube � � MDT single tube and reconstruction efficiency drop at rate >300 k. Hz/tube At 3 x 1034 L 1 Mu 20 ~60 k. Hz (bandwidth available ~15 k. Hz) prescale the trigger of factor 4 loose 75% of ‘good’ trigger; increasing the threshold does not help (still 30 k. Hz at 40 Ge. V) 3 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

NSW performance requirements � Tracking � � Need technologies with higher rate cabability (14 k. Hz/cm 2) Single plane resolution ~100 um (bending coordinate) ~2 mm 2 nd coordinate Track segment resolution ~30 um Offline angular resolution 0. 3 mrad � Trigger � � � Track segment resolution at L 1 ~1 mrad (improve threshold sharpness) Bunch crossing identification (time res. <10 ns) Track segment resonstruction efficiency >95% In addition: good ageing properties; high realability/redundancy (life time~15 years, limited accessibility) 4 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

NSW approval timeline 3 proposals for the NSW technologies s. TGC+s. MDT MM only m. RPC+s. MDT Jan Mar. � NSW workshop (Les Brassus) � Muon managem. propose 2 mixed options MM+s. TGC+s. MDT MM+s. TGC � Jul. � 5 Nomination of a Panel of experts (ATLAS members not from Muon Collaboration) to scrutinize the proposals Project baseline definition (MM+s. TGC) with Milestones & Reporting items Aug. � Initial Design Rev. Aug. � Kick-off meeting Oct. � ATLAS approval P. Iengo - NSW report Jan � NSW workshop (Aix-les-Bains) � Milestone definition for 2013, Election of new NSW PL � TDR � Presentation to LHCC, ATLAS CB Approval � i. Mo. U � RRB 2013 201 1 � 2012 Jan Mar. May June Aug. Oct. 2/21/2021

New Small Wheel � 16 Sectors per wheel � 8 large � 8 small � 2 multilayers per sector � Each multilayer: � 4 s. TGC planes primary detector for trigger � 4 Micro. Megas planes primary detector for tracking Radial segmentation of MM chambers still to be defined (dedicated workshop in Rome 1516 July) Multimodules N=2, 3, 4 Fullwedge 6 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Interessi INFN Attivita’ di interesse Micromegas HV/LV Software/Simul ation Trigger/DAQ* X Bologna Cosenza X Frascati X Lecce X Napoli X Pavia X Roma 1 X X X X Roma 2 Roma 3 X X Nel seguito: focus su Micromegas e trigger Attivita’ SW ben avviata, nessun impatto sulle richieste per la costruzione Sviluppo dei sistemi di potenza ancora in fase preliminare 7 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

MM single plane spatial resolution � Long test beam campaign in 2012 (CERN) and 2013 (DESY and LNF) � Important Italian contribution to test beams (activity coordination) � Leading role in data analysis (w/ and w/o magnetic field) � Two complementary algorithms: μTPC and charge centroid Requirement: 100 um Ydrift (5 mm) Yhalf (2. 5 mm) ti, xi xhal f yhalf 1 x 1 yhalf 3 8 x 3 Muon angular range in NSW- NSW report 2/21/2021 P. Iengo

Micromegas construction � Large-size MM and industrialization � � A MM module (quadruplet) consists of � � 2 single layer prototype 1 x 2 m 2 built at CERN with encouraging results Small prototypes produced in indistries (ELTOS-Arezzo) Definition of industrial production procedures ongoing 5 panles of two PCB skins on a honeycomb structure 2 readout panels (twin), 3 drift panels (2 external, 1 internal) 4 meshes stretched on frames Mechanical frames, gas circulation system etc. Technological challenge � 9 Keep the planarity of the single plane and the alignment of different layers below 60 um required by the desired spatial resolution P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Micromegas construction – ongoing activities � Construction of two wedges mechanical prototype (mockup) � � Full wedge at CERN � � Support from LE, NA, RM 3 Deadline: Septembe r � PCB from industries First production of multiplets of dimension similar to the final Three independent multiplets to be realized � CERN � Saclay � Frascati (support by Rome 3) 10 M 4 Saclay M 3 INFN M 2 INFN M 1 LMU Construction of a working multiplet (Module-1) � � (support from LE and NA) 4 -modules by Saclay-Pavia-Rome 1 -Monaco � � Address panel production and assembly problems Select wedge segmentation also based on construction experience Study several panel production techniques Deadline: end 2013 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Construction of mechanical prototype Reuse all existing tooling from MDT assembling (table, clean room, vacuum � system Pavia etc. ) � � � Granite table, vacuum system, stiffback for top cover Measuring tool for planarity checks + glue dispenser All materials ordered, first glueing test done, prototype under construction Rome 1 � � Granite table + vacuum bag (no stiffback)Test-1 Excellent planarity (<20 um) measured on. Test-2 small prototype panels Test-3 Test-4 First panels for mockup done Test-5 Module M 2 under construction Test-6 11 Dimensions (cm 2) s_top (mm) 40 x 20 30. 6 40 x 20 14. 7 11. 4 40 x 20 11. 1 8. 6 40 x 20 18. 2 8. 4 40 x 20 17. 4 80 x 100 14. 2 (10. 9) 6. 1 (11. 2) P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021 s_bottom (mm)

Construction of a working prototype � � Frascati First step: panel construction � � Second step: construction of a sinlge layer working detector with PCB from industry (ELTOS) � � � Panel construction with stiffback + mold (reuse tooling from LHCb) Very good results from first tests Preliminary FEA simulation of panel deformation good agreement with measurements 780 x 730 mm 2 (imposed by the available mold) PCB design ready, offer by ELTOS exists for PCB production Advanced mechanical drawing Mesh produced by Rome 3 Deadline: Nov. 2013 Final step: construction of a quadruplet � 12 Same dimension of the single layer chamber P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

INFN production organization � � � We plan to produce 1/3 of the NSW Micromegas (the actual number of modules will depend by the segmentation selected) Panel construction PV Distribute work on several sites � Parallelize the work � Maximize ‘in house’ activities Industry (PCB) RM 3 Advantages of preliminary test done in parallel � Speed � Different techniques proposed and tested in different labs � Mesh construction LNF Chamber assembly Industry (resistive) NA Support mec. Training of technical personnel in house The final organization will depend on the selected segmentation and production technique. Here only a possible option is presented 13 RM 1 CS Support mec. P. Iengo - NSW report LE Support mec. 2/21/2021 Panel construction

PAD logic boards di responsabilita’ Italiana 14 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Interface Board for Mu. CTPi 15 Necessaria dopo l’istallazione della NSW. Non parte del progetto NSW, ma attivita’ storica dei gruppi italiani; costo contenuto e impatto importante P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Responsabilita’ italiane Sistema Micromegas Comunita’ italiana ben visibile e riconosciuta nel progetto NSW Descrizione Gruppo/responsabile Costruzione prototipo meccanico M 2 Roma 1 Costruzione prototipo meccanico M 3 Pavia NSW s. TGC 16 Costruzione multipletto funzionante (modulo-1) Frascati Responsabile produzione PCB presso ELTOS G. Maccarrone (LNF) Coordinamento test su fascio Micromegas P. Iengo (NA) Coordinamento software NSW A. Rimoldi (PV) Editor IDR e TDR NSW P. Iengo (NA) On-detector L 1 PAD coincidence R. Vari (RM 1) logic P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Contributo al TDR � � Notevole contributo italiano al TDR NSW Contributo importante anche per il TDR TDAQ in corso di preparazione: PV, RM 1 INFN contribution to TDR: Editor: NA Simulation: PV Physics case: RM 3 MM: LNF, NA, PV, RM 1, R 3 Services: PV 17 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Personale 2014 Ben adeguato a tutte le attivita’ di interesse Personale Staff Post-doc/dott. FTE 2014 Servizi (El/Mec) Bologna (Bo) Boscherini (0. 1), Corradi (0. 1) Cosenza (Cs) La Rotonda (0. 5), Schioppa (0. 25), Tassi (0. 25) Frascati (LNF) Antonelli (0. 6), Gatti (0. 5), Laurelli (0. 7), Maccarrone (0. 7), Sansoni (0. 7), Giromini (0. 6), Brutti (1. 0, ing. Roma 2), Valentini (1. 0, ing. Roma 2) 5. 8 Mec/El Lecce (Le) Gorini (0. 2), Primavera (0. 2), Ventura (0. 2) 0. 6 Mec Napoli (Na) Alviggi (0. 5), Canale (0. 5), de Asmundis (0. 3), Della Pietra (0. 3), Di Donato (0. 5), Iengo (0. 7), Izzo (0. 5), Sekhniaidze (0. 5) 4. 3 Mec Pavia (Pv) Ferrari (0. 6), Fraternali (0. 8), Gaudio (0. 3), Introzzi (0. 7), Lanza (0. 3), Livan (0. 8), Rimoldi (0. 2) 3. 7 Mec/El Roma 1 (Rm 1) Bagnaia (0. 3), Bini (0. 5), Ciapetti (0), Di Domenico (0. 3), Giagu (0. 3), Lacava (0. 5), Luminari (0. 3), Messina (0. 3), Petrolo (0. 5), Safai Tehrani (0. 3), Vari (0. 5) 4. 2 Mec/El Roma 2 (Rm 2) Liberti (0. 6), Salamon (0. 6) Roma 318 (Rm 3) 0. 2 Policicchio (0. 25, postdoc), Lavorini (0. 25, postdoc), Perrella (0. 5, dott. ) 1 postdoc (0. 5) 1. 5 1. 2 Biglietti (0. 4), Ceradini (0. 3), Graziani (0. 2), Iodice dott) 2/21/2021 1. 9 P. Iengo. Trovatelli - NSW (0. 2, report (0. 4), Petrucci (0. 4) Mec

Costi e profilo di spesa (k. Euro) � Basato su possibili deliverables � 1/3 della produzione Micromegas = 756 k. Euro � ‘Gettone’ per HV/LV ruolo riconosciuto di Pavia (A. Lanza), ditta italiana (CAEN) � 64 schede PAD logic (100%) = 96 k. Euro � 24 schede Mu. CTPi (25%) = 24 k. Euro � Impegno su trigger off-detector Micromegas in corso di valutazione = 50 k. Euro Costi trigger NSW (693 k. CHF) non inclusi in NSW TDR Contingenza 10% (andranno su TDAQ TDR in preparazione per settembre) Tooling non incluso in CORE Common items gia’ coperti � � Impegno totale (incluso trigger NSW) ~10% << FTE INFN in ATLAS Muon (~20%) 19 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Tooling for Micromegas construction � � La stima finale dell’attrezzatura necessaria alla produzione dei pannelli e delle camere Micromegas e all’organizzazione della catena italiana sara’ possibile solo una volta definita la segmentazione dei settori (luglio) e le tecniche costruttive (fine anno) La tabella si basa su uno scenarioche consenta di utilizzare il piu’ possibile le attrezzature oggi esistenti presso le sezioni 20 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Plan for 2014 � Finalizzazione Modulo-1 entro fine 2013 � Produzione del Modulo-0 (1 modulo prodotto da INFN) � Allestimento siti per produzione finale camere � Allestimento test stand � Finalizzazione protocolli con le ditte (PCB, strato resistivo, mesh, honeycomb etc. ) � Predisposizione del QA/QC presso le industrie e ai siti di produzione � Test su fascio fuori CERN del Modulo-1 (in primavera) � Test su fascio al CERN del Modulo-0 (fine anno) � Test di invecchiamento a lungo termine di un Modulo-0 + alcuni prototipi alla GIF++ del CERN (fine anno) � Inizio produzione finale (fine 2014/inizio 2015) � Primi test con FPGA evaluation board su PAD logic e Mu. CTPi 21 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Richesta sblocchi � Si richiede lo sblocco del s. j. e l’assegnazione di risorse aggiuntive per portare a termine le attivita’di costruzione dei prototipi meccanici a Roma 1 e Pavia e del prototipo funzionante a Frascati con mesh prodotta a Roma 3 22 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Richiesta LNF 23 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Richiesta Pavia 24 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Richieste Roma 1 25 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Richieste Roma 3 26 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Additional Material 27 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

s. TGC and Micromegas schematics 5 mm s. TGC 28 Micromega s P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

NSW read-out and trigger � NSW read-out based on a common asic (VMM) under development at BNL. First prototype tested on detector at beam test in 2012; new version expected in fall 2013. INFN groups not involved. � NSW trigger concept: � Find track segments pointing to the IP � Extrapolate the NSW candidates to the Big Wheel and match to coincidences found there � � 29 Concept for MM trigger: � Get the address of the strip with the earliest hit (in a group of 64 channels =3. 2 cm) � Use the coordinate of the center of the strip for the track reconstruction at L 1 INFN not involved in MM trigger so far, we are considering a possible involvement P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

NSW trigger � Concept of s. TGC trigger � � � Find the centroid of 3 to 5 3. 2 mm strips in each layer From the 8 centroids extrapolate to the Big Wheel Use PAD tower coincidence to choose the relevant strips before reading them out to the track finder Reduce bandwidth � Reduce amount of centroid track finding logic � 30 P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021

Simulation and physics cases � � Simulation: � A complete ATHENA/Geant NSW exists � With not final support structues � No detector internal structures yet � Need to converge to a layout here too � Digitization ongoing � Need to start performance studies for TDR Physics case studies: � Need to study some physics case for TDR � With NSW parametrization compared with present SW: reproduce the result for WH (H bb) using present H bb analysis Efficiency (%) Rate (k. Hz) Etμ > 20 Ge. V old SW 82 40 Etμ > 20 Ge. V NSW 78 15 Analyze other decay channels WH Etμ > 40 Ge. V old SW 50 (H ττ and H WW) to produce a trigger table similar to what has been done for P. Iengo - NSW report 2/21/2021 31 H bb for LOI 18 �