Soldiers Digital Assistant SDA Convoy Situation Awareness and

Soldier’s Digital Assistant (SDA) Convoy Situation Awareness and Voice Communication for IED Damage Prevention, Mitigation and Response… Naval Research Labs April 8, 2005 Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

IED Threat • In January 2005 alone, guerillas in Iraq have set off 974 of the jury-rigged weapons - forty-one percent of the insurgents' attacks, the New York Times says. • More than half of U. S. casualties in Iraq are from IED strikes, according to estimates from the Lexington Institute. • According to D-SECDEF, this is the Do. D’s #1 Priority… Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

The Need • “The focus should be on prolonged low-intensity conflict and on systems tailored for small combat units, he said. ” • “The number one problem for soldiers is network-enabled battle command. Small units lack situational awareness technologies, such as Blue Force Tracking, a common operational picture and the ability to fuse disparate data. The flow of information in real time is a problem. ” – Brig. Gen. Philip Coker, director of capabilities development at the Training and Doctrine Command's Futures Center in Fort Monroe, Va. Excerpts taken from January 2005 National Defense Magazine Article. Click this text box to read entire article. Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

IED Threat • Fallujah Urban Area Roughly 20 Sq Kilometers In Size – Average City Block = 100 X 200 Meters – Average Number of Fallujah City Blocks = 1000 • 653 total IEDs were found and detonated in Fallujah. The average number of IEDs found and/or detonated across Iraq per month from July to October [2004] was 772. • 11 IED Factories were found. Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

Two Currently Fielded Capabilities The Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR) • AN/PSN 13 The Icom Radio • IC-F 43 G UHF • A Rockwell Collins Product • Click the photo to view the DAGR Brochure Transceiver • Click the photo to view the Icom Brochure • • Army Authorized to buy 43, 000 units 5, 000 Units on Order • • 14, 000 Units Delivered 50, 000 Units on Order Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

The Icom Radio History • The Army needs reliable communications systems for urban operations, said Coker. Troops were sent to war with a squad radio, produced by Icom America Inc. But that radio proved so ineffective that the soldiers resorted to a $60 Sony walkabout, which works at ranges of 3 kilometers and is compatible with Army frequencies, said Coker. • “Here we have the only way for these kids to talk because the Icom radio we bought them is hideously useless, ” he said. In order to use the radio, soldiers had to turn off the jammers in the vehicles, because otherwise the radio could not function. “That is criminal. We have failed our soldiers. ” • The Army, however, proceeded to buy another Icom radio, this time produced by the Japanese Icom company. Now, the Icom 43 is “wonderful, ” Coker said. The Army plans to buy 43, 000 during the next three months. Excerpts taken from January 2005 National Defense Magazine Article. Click this text box to read entire article. Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

DAGR Summary DAGR, designed for the Warfighter. • Reduced Warfighter Loadout for 72 hour missions – As compared with PLGR, 3. 5 lbs less • Unmatched Savings -- $700 M for Program – $4700 Battery Savings per DAGR over PLGR during its 10 year service life. • Ease of Use in the field – Electronic Map/Sat Images – Electronic compass • Positional and Navigational confidence – Anti-Jam Features Increase GPS Utility – Fast Acquisition and User Feature Set are familiar to Commercial GPS Users • Commitment to continuous Product Improvement Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

DAGR Physical Attributes DAGR’s design is the result of over 11 years of user feedback and lessons-learned. • • • • • <25 cu. Inches <1 lbs. (15 ounces) including batteries Large Graphics LCD Survives POL, NBC, HEMP environments Wide -32 to +70 °C. operation >25, 000 hr. MTBEFF demonstrated (80%) Very High Display Impact Protection and Improved Scratch Resistant Lens 14 hrs (22 hrs typical) continuous track / 4 AA batteries 144 hrs (200 hrs typical) at 4 fixes/hr track <10 sec Direct-Y Hotstart Acquisition <15 -30 sec typical Direct-Y Warmstart Acquisition >50 d. B J/S Tracking L 1 and L 2 Simultaneous Dual Frequency Reception 12 Channel Parallel Tracking Signal Processing Jammer Detector and Pointer Internal Electronic Compass Web based downloads and DAGR to DAGR reprogramming Targeting, LRF and CAS 9 -Line Growth for FO/FAC, GLS/survey capable Serial Port compatibility with PLGR integrations DAGR and Accessories fit within existing PLGR volumes Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

IC-F 43 GT Features • The IC-F 43 G series covers a wide frequency range in one version (Two versions available, 400– 470 MHz or 450– 512 (520) MHz). • The 256 memory channel capacity with 16 memory banks allows you to divide and store a variety of flexible channel groupings. • Easy memory channel selection with a simple rotation of the rotary channel knob. Typical Operating Range* Power 1 W 2 W Urban Environment 1 km 2 km Rural Environment 2 -3 km 5 km *Range may vary based on environment Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

What is the Soldier’s Digital Assistant Two proven devices combined to give the warfighter a solution that’s greater than the sum of its parts! • Voice Communication • Navigation Capability • Situation Awareness + = Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

Soldiers Digital Assistant (SDA) Secured position and status reporting to squad leader for BFT-coordinated commands passage to upper-level Potential to use SDA FBCB 2/BFT systems via voice from squad leader systems for IFF and to individual soldiers CSAR actions at individual soldier level 001 Moving forward 002 Moving left 004 Halt and return 000 Enemy at XXXXX MSG TEXT: ______ UNIT SELECT: XXX Networked position and status exchange of spot report data, Enhanced GPS-based position by exchange of Secured text and voice enemy locations, and comm within squad self location data between soldiers Exploits existing capabilities of DAGR GPS handheld to reduce need for similar-functionality equipment via DAGR-extension “backpack” data link SDA Leverages the Competencies of 14, 000 (And Growing) Delivered DAGR Units by Offering New Capabilities for Individual Soldiers at a Significant Cost Savings Over Existing Methods Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

Mechanical Design Considerations • Eliminates the need to carry multiple devices – Units affixed to eliminate the need for cables • Weight – Entire System ~23 oz. – Same batteries utilized by both systems (AAs) – The radio’s speaker, microphone, keyboard, display eliminated • • The integration of the two units is being carefully planned to allow retrofitting of existing DAGRs with the radio in the field Pass-through of serial cable allows for use of existing peripherals Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

SDA Applications / Benefits • Individual situational awareness/BFT minimizes friendly fire and creates a very low cost IFF (Interrogation Friend or Foe) system – Can interrogate by voice OR data • Squad leader visibility to local team members in real time allows more efficient field of fire laydowns and reduces decision time in planning attacks • Facilitates combat search and rescue Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

SDA Applications / Benefits • Allows for quick dispersal of troops to coordinate perimeters • Price level consistent with the need to proliferate capability • Use of existing equipment mitigates policy issues – DAGR compliant with OSD GPS/SAASM Mandate dtd. October ’ 02 – Frequency allocations presumed to be accommodated through Icom procurement – SCA compliancy waiver presumed to be accommodated through Icom procurement Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

SDA System Specification Summary • The SDA will display appropriate radio warnings • The SDA will display up to 20 participant nodes with a unique identifier on a map or geo-rectified image and will indicate after a period of time that the node location has not been updated • The SDA will mitigate the effect of hostile meaconing • The SDA will share it’s position in two user selectable modes: – On a user-defined timed interval basis – When the Push-to-talk button is released • The SDA can command all other participant nodes to send position report under the following modes: – Under a one time only position request – On a continual periodic basis • The SDA will allow user control of encryption and radio transmit power Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

Summary • The SDA will greatly benefit the warfighter – Designed to be cost effective allowing for wide-scale proliferation based on affordability • Leverages already significant investment in fielded DAGRs • Provides for greater capability at lower echelons – Facilitates efficient operations based on situation awareness which should relieve burden • Rockwell Collins has fully supported this development – Capability and affordability of solution suggested that we should begin ASAP for the benefit of the warfighter – Rapid prototypes in hand – Established data communication capability (not available in off-theshelf Icom radio) – Domestic (US) demonstration capability available 26 April 2005 – Planning for 55 units to be available 1 June 2005 for field trials • Material for production representative SDAs being placed on order Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

Backup Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

SDA Modifications to Icom 43 Radio • Modifications to the Icom 43 Radio for use in the SDA Module Include the Following. – – Removal of Internal Speaker and Microphone Elimination 4 Function Buttons Transfer of Radio Command & Control Functions from Radio to DAGR Unit Movement of Push-to-talk radio button from radio to in-line headset Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

RCI Past Experience • RCI has significant experience in navigation, GPS, communications, network data exchange, human factors, and soldier systems • RCI has performed successfully in several past programs related to the overall SDA concept – IRIS PLGR position exchange for location reporting/Sit. Aw (Canada/CDF – 1997 -2001) – Lightforce tactical PDA proposal (RCI-1998) – Bowman in-vehicle GPS HH device for position reporting (2001 -2004) – PLGR LAN GPS HH based situational awareness for MOUT (1998) – LPI COM/NAV Handset (for DARPA-1993 / used GPS PRN to enable secure comm) – Individual Soldier Radio (ISR) (for CECOM – 1996) – GLOMO (DARPA ITO – 1997 -1999) – Soldier Phone (DARPA – 1997 -2001) / FPGA based device in PCMCIA Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

Projected SDA Roadmap of Enabling Technology and Functional Capabilities * Functional capabilities available Enabling technology to create functions FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 RCI/SNL radio and protocol development COTS radio integration w/ DAGR ICD and HMI modifications ICD modifications for BFT interfacing Waypoint utility extensions Voice/data security coding and layering development Distributed GPS DGPS broadcasting Dead reckoning module Targeting application extensions Chem/bio/IED sensing Tactile interface Sniper algorithms Improved position reporting accuracy Squad positions to each user Improved fields of fire estimation via networked position and waypoint sharing Intra-squad short messaging of status and commands Increased robustness of GPS position determination Increased security of operation Inter-squad capability only by use of common node participant Security of radio and efficiency of data transmissions dependent on COTS radio only Networked targeting accuracy error reduction via multiple spotter sharing Improved efficiency of use via non-visual interface for navigation Full interface to upper tier tactical situational awareness / BFT network * Significantly more functional capabilities exist Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information Ability to use networked squad as sensor net for chem/bio/IED or sniper detection

Current COP (Common Operational Picture) Tactical Infrastructure – Upper Level L band link for BFT/Position Data GPS In theater and strategic level command center SATCOM C 2 links for Tactical Internet and Voice Traffic EPLRS larger bandwidth tactical data/vox radios C 2 Data aggregation, command, and control (via ABCS/ GCCS databases, BFT, MTS, and GPRS control systems) Overall architecture under rework into WIN (Warfighter Information Network) SINCGARS tactical data/vox radio MT-2011 L-band transceiver Handneld or embedded PPS GPS MTS Mobile Tracking Terminal Voice / data link L band data link GPS receive link SATCOM / SV links Vehicular FBCB 2/BFT Vehicular Terminal USMC M-DACT Mobile and Vehicular Terminal (embedded GPS and EPLRS) GPRS Search/Rescue Helo/Vehicular Terminal • Note commonality in four major positional tracking systems used by US armed forces Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information

Current COP (Common Operational Picture) Tactical Infrastructure – Lower Level (USA, USMC) To Upper Level tactical network and voice communications FBCB 2/BFT Vehicular Terminal (external GPS and SINCGARS/EPLRS) USA CDA (Current and Land Warrior) - (embedded Lband/BFT, SINCGARS, GPS; non-networked voice com to SL) COMPANY COMMANDER / PLATOON LEADER (PL) / SQUAD LEADER (SL) SQUAD LEADERS (SL) Individual non-networked voice radios and handheld GPS (on occasion) INDIVIDUAL SOLDIERS Individual non-networked voice radios (on occasion), no GPS Voice / data link Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information USMC M-DACT Mobile and Vehicular Terminal (embedded GPS and EPLRS) USMC D-DACT Dismounted Terminal Mobile (embedded SINCGARS/EPLRS and GPS; non-networked voice com to SL) No individual BFT or use of positioning data; voiceonly status and control; no dissemination of upper level data

Current COP (Common Operational Picture) Tactical Infrastructure • Both voice and data channels in existing infrastructures exhibit a “necked-down” bandwidth and availability model – Command structure dictates availability and control of voice/data access – Number of “upper level”-capable radios less as one goes lower • Number of “lower level” radios desired more – Bandwidth is lessened at the “lower level” tiers, power (thus range) is lessened, digitization and security typically less of concern due to short time value of information Command structure Decreasing bandwidth and capability + Company + Platoon Increasing need for individual positioning, close-range, secure comms Squad Soldier “Lower level” short range voice-primary radios Sensor Quantity allocation Additional opportunity to “broaden the neck” and increase bandwidth at lower radio levels “Upper level” longer range voice and data radios and tactical network infrastructure Area of opportunity for short range voice + networked data radios with GPS positioning in small package Rockwell Collins Proprietary Information