Session 4 Safety Why Safety Why is safety

Session 4 Safety

Why Safety? Why is safety important? l Why bother with it? l Isn’t it just another government or company program? l

About the Injuries More than 2. 2 million injuries were serious enough to require recuperation away from work or to restrict duties at work or both l 1/4 th involving days away from work resulted in 21 days or more away from work l l A workplace death occurs about every hour and a half in the United States Source: BLS 2004

A good health and safety program can reduce injuries. . . In the U. S. an injury occurs about every 8. 3 seconds l. Resulting in llost work time lmedical treatment (other than 1 st aid) lloss of consciousness lrestriction of work or motion or l transfer to another job Source: NSC 2004

Public Relations Oil & Gas Isn't Just One Of The Richest Industries, It's Also One Of The Safest http: //www. forbes. com/sites/robertbradley/2013/03/25/oil-gas-isnt-just-one-ofthe-richest-industries-its-also-one-of-the-safest/ CBS News Oil & gas industry spills happen "all the time” http: //www. cbsnews. com/8301 -18563_162 -20053283. html http: //www. mcclatchydc. com/2010/06/10/95701/oil-gas-worker-safety-recordweak. html#. Ub. DX 53 U 1 k. Z 5

Source: BLS 2004

Summary of Accidents l http: //www. spe. org/events/hsse/2011/pages/ schedule/tech_program/documents/141602_ Hill. pdf

A good health and safety program can save money. . . The average direct cost of a lost time claim is over $28, 000 OSHA "$AFETY PAYS" Program can calculate costs of injuries

A good health and safety program Increase morale Improve quality Improve productivity Provide compliance

A good health & safety program provides regulatory compliance Compliance with regulatory standards alone does not qualify as a “good Safety and Health program”

Reasons to Make Safety Important l Responsibility to self l Responsibility to family l Responsibility to not endanger co-workers l Productivity and health of the company

Legislation l In 1970, Congress considered these figures: l 14, 000 l 2. 5 worker deaths million workers disabled l 300, 000 new occupational disease cases

Public Law 91 -596 Enacted l Occupational Safety and Health Act signed by President Nixon on December 29 th 1970 l Effective April 29, 1971

Public Law 91 -596 l Occupational of 1970 l 34 sections l Amended – – 1990 1998 2001 2004 Safety and Health Act OSHA

Purpose of the Act l ". . . to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources. "

Three Agencies Established l Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) l National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) l Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC)

OSHA’S Purpose l Reduce workplace hazards; l Implement new or improve existing safety and health programs; l Provide for research in solving occupational safety and health problems

Purpose l Establish employer and employee responsibilities for safety and health conditions. l Build on employer/employee safety and health initiatives. l Focus on occupational health to prevent diseases occurring in the work environment.

OSHA’S Purpose l Establish training programs to increase the number and competence of occupational safety and health personnel; l Develop mandatory job safety and health standards and enforce them effectively; l Develop recordkeeping and reporting requirements;

OSHA’S Purpose l Provide for the development, analysis, evaluation and approval of state occupational safety and health programs.

Definitions l As defined by the Act, an employer is any "person engaged in a business affecting commerce who has employees, but does not include the United States or any State or political subdivision of a State. "

OSHA Covers l Manufacturing l Construction l Longshoring l Agriculture

Not Covered l Self-employed l Farms persons (incl. homeowners); on which only immediate members of the farm employer's family are employed; l Working conditions regulated by other federal agencies under other federal statutes.

Federal Agency Coverage. Examples l Federal Railroad Administration (FRA): – OSHA covers facilities – FRA covers tracks, trains, etc. . l Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): – OSHA covers to the tarmac – FAA covers past the tarmac

Section 5 - Duties l (a) Each employer - – (1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees – (2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act. l 5(a)(1) Known as General Duty Clause

Section 5 - Duties l (b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to the Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.

l 8(a) Section 8 - Inspections, Investigations & Recordkeeping OSHA representatives are authorized to: (1) enter without delay (2) inspect during regular working hours and at reasonable times and to question privately employers and employees l 8(b) OSHA has subpoena power l 8(c) OSHA requires recordkeeping l 8(f) Employees right of complaint

Section 9 - Citations l 9(a) If an employer violates Section 5 of Act or any standard, rule or order related to Section 6, a citation may be issued. Each citation will: – Be in writing – Describe the particular violation – Set a reasonable abatement period l 9(b) Posting of citations l 9(c) Time limit - 6 months to issue citation

Section 10 - Enforcement l 10(a) Employer’s right of contest – Citations can be contested up to the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), an independent quasijudicial branch of the Department of Labor l 10(c) Employee’s right of contest of abatement dates

Section 11 - Judicial Review l 11(a) l 11(c) Appeals & review of Commission order Prohibits discrimination against employees filing complaints under OSHA, or for disclosing safety and health issues concerning the workplace

Section 17 - Penalties l Penalties were increased in 1990 l Willful & repeated violations to a maximum of $70, 000 l Minimum $5, 000 willful l Serious & other than serious to $7, 000 l Failure to abate to a maximum of $7, 000 for each day violation continues (up to 30 day max. )

Section 19* - Federal Agency Programs & Responsibilities l Federal agencies (exception: Post Office) are required to establish their own safety and health programs consistent with OSHA. – Require the use of safety equipment & PPE as necessary to protect employees – Keep accident and illness records – Establish rules consistent with OSHA *Executive Order 12196 further defines the responsibilities of Federal Agencies.

Section 22 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health l Establishes National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH as a part of CDC

Major Subparts in 29 CFR 1910 and 1926 for Oil and Gas Operations l Found in “Oil and Gas and Petrochemical: The Complete OSHA Guide” – 1903, 1904, 1910, 1926 – Interpretations and forms also included l Up-to-date version found on www. osha. gov

Reading Standards l 29 CFR 1910. 110(b)(13)(ii)(b)(7)(iii) United States Code Title l CFR Code of Federal Regulations l 1910 Part - Part 1910 covers General Industry l 110 Section Number (Section 110 falls under Subpart H; Hazardous Materials)

Oil and Gas OSHA l Major Group 13 in the Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC) l 1311 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas l 138 - Oil and gas field services – 1381 - Drilling oil and gas wells – 1382 - Oil and gas field exploration services – 1389 - Oil and gas field services, not elsewhere classified l General l Industry 29 CFR 1910

SIC 1381 l primarily engaged in drilling wells for oil or gas field operations for others on a contract or fee basis, including l l l Directional drilling of oil and gas wells on a contract basis Redrilling oil and gas wells on a contract basis Reworking oil and gas wells on a contract basis Spudding in oil and gas wells on a contract basis Well drilling gas, oil, and water intake: on a contract basis

SIC 1382 l establishments primarily engaged in performing geophysical, geological, and other exploration services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis. l l l Aerial geophysical exploration, oil and gas field on a contract basis Exploration, oil and gas field on a contract basis Geological exploration, oil and gas field on a contract basis Geophysical exploration, oil and gas field on a contract basis Seismograph surveys, oil and gas field on a contract basis