SENTENCE STRUCTURE Grammar and Syntax English 1 SENTENCES

SENTENCE STRUCTURE Grammar and Syntax English 1

SENTENCES In order to share ideas successfully, you must use complete sentences Definition: a group of words that expresses a complete thought �There must be a structure!

SENTENCES Illustrated The Man Slept Moved And the Pictures The Illustrated Man slept and the pictures moved.

Sentence must have subject and predicate. Either the subject or predicate (or both) may not be stated, but both must be clearly understood.

SUBJECT Definition – part of the sentence that is doing something or about which something is said � (whom or what it’s about) Identify – always a noun or pronoun 1. locate the verb 2. ask who or what is doing the action

SUBJECT TYPES Simple subject – the main noun or pronoun that tells whom or what the sentence is about � Usually one word, unless it is a proper noun (New England, Great Britain, Miss B. ) Example: A triumphant Justin Bieber stepped up to the microphone. Complete subject: a triumphant Justin Bieber Simple subject: Justin Bieber

SUBJECT TYPES Compound subject – composed of two or more simple subjects that share the same verb � Subjects are joined by a conjunction Example: Google, Bing, and Yahoo provide search engines for you to use. A flood or an earthquake devastates a city.

SWITCH IT UP!

PREDICATE Definition – the part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing Identify – always starts with the verb or helping verb – ask what the subject does or is Can be broken up with subject in the middle or at the end. � Example: Many Americans celebrate Halloween. Celebrate Halloween many Americans do.

PREDICATE TYPES Simple predicate – the verb without any of the words that modify or describe it � Helping (auxiliary) verbs are still included in the simple predicate Example: The ambulance raced out of the driveway and down the street. Sandy may have borrowed my book.

PREDICATE TYPES Compound predicate – composed of two or more simple predicates, joined by a conjunction Example: Blog owners produce and publish their writing on the internet.

VERB TYPES Main Verb – can be action verb or linking verb Action verb – tells what the subject does even if it can’t be seen � Transitive or intransitive Linking verb – tells what the subject is � Form of the verb be: is am was were be been being � Others: appear, feel, taste, look, sound, seem, smell, grow, become

VERB TYPES Helping (auxiliary) verbs – added to the main verb to help express action or show time *still included in simple predicate Be: is am was were be been Do: do does did Have: has have had Others: may might can could will won’t would shall

PRACTICE! *highlight the simple subject and underline the simple predicate. In medical laboratories, robots handle hazardous materials. At the General Motors Corporation, robots work on assembly lines performing tasks like welding and painting. Most boring or dangerous tasks are done by GMC’s robots.

PRACTICE! Circle the simple or compound subject and highlight the simple or compound predicate. Keenan and Angelica watched Tiger play in the tournament and got his autograph at the ninth hole. Tiger and his family traveled to the Asian Honda Classic Golf Tournament in Thailand.

ACTIVITY!!! Sentence Structure Sparkle! Stand in semicircle in back of room The first student gives the student next to him/her a single word as the subject of a sentence. The second student has five seconds to complete a sentence by adding a predicate. Then that student turns to student three and gives a subject. The game continues, with students being eliminated if they “freeze” and cannot think or if predicate doesn’t make sense. Add noun and verb phrases!

ENTRANCE TICKET Happy Wednesday Please begin working on handout � this is based on what we learned yesterday and your readings from last night You may use your notes! Stay quiet and think and work hard Today: � Clauses � Begin sentence types � Work on projects

WHAT DO YOU KNOW? What makes a sentence Why complete sentences are important Subject Predicate

CIRCLE THE SUBJECT AND UNDERLINE THE PREDICATE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. The cow jumped over the moon. Are you ready to go to the game? I will not be at the restaurant until 7: 00 p. m. Taylor Swift is a successful and entertaining musician.

TRUE OR FALSE An independent clause can stand on its own. A dependent clause is a complete sentence. Simple sentences are only five words long or less. Compound sentences include words like lunchbox and homeroom.

WHAT IS A CLAUSE? A group of words that contains a subject and a verb Clauses make up sentences �Longer �Ideas are not in phrases Ex: Brainstorm / Pre-write for projects Highlight on paper

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Subject and verb that expresses a complete thought Can stand alone as a sentence *All sentences must have an independent clause Example: � The children dreamed of the veldt.

DEPENDENT CLAUSE Does not express a complete thought � Even though it may contain a subject or verb Cannot stand as a sentence on its own Depends on (needs) more Independent clause

DEPENDENT CLAUSE If the marionette took over Because they heard the screams Which Bradbury dislikes Because they lived on Mars *** A A W W U B B I S *** After although when while before because if so

WHY IT IS IMPORTANT! When you write, watch out for sentences that start with because, when, so, or other words that signal a dependent clause. *make sure there is not a fragment

PRACTICE! 1. Joyce enjoyed geometry more than she enjoyed algebra. 2. She liked the fact that the class began with simple shapes. 3. A point was the first thing that the students learned about.

PRACTICE!! 4. A point has no length or width. 5. When you study geometry, you must use terms accurately. 6. For example, you may not say line when you mean line segment. 7. A triangle, which everyone recognizes, is a shape made of three line segments.

KINDS OF SENTENCES There are different kinds of sentences. When you write, use different types, or a variety, to spice up your writing!

SIMPLE SENTENCES Has one independent clause NO dependent clauses *It can include many details and be elaborate Example: 1. He slept. 2. The illustrated man slept soundly throughout the night underneath the stars on top of the soft, grassy hill.

COMPOUND SENTENCES Too many short sentences can make your writing choppy � You can fix this with compound sentences! Contains two or more independent clauses NO dependent clauses Example: The children cried. The children were upset. They made a plan. They would do it. The children cried; they were upset. They made a plan, and they would do it.

PRACTICE! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. It was pouring rain; getting a cab was impossible. Miguel patched and cleaned the sides of the boat. The magazine was both timely and readable. Ted read the instructions, and then he built the model. At first, television stations were on the air only a few hours a day, but now many broadcast 24 hours a day. Computers and printers are standard equipment in most classrooms.

ACTIVITY TIME! IDENTIFY INDEPENDENT/DEPENDENT CLAUSES AND SENTENCE TYPES. "The Veldt" By deadmau 5 featuring Chris James Happy life, with the machines scattered around the room. Look what they made; they made it for me. Happy technology! Outside, the Lions roam, feeding on remains. We'll never leave. Look at us now; So in love with the way we are—here! [Chorus: ] The world that the children made, here! The world that the children made. Every night they rock us to sleep, digital family! Is it real? Or is it a dream? Can you believe in machines? Outside, the beating sun, can you hear the screams? We'll never leave. Look at us now. So in love with the way we are—here!