Sentence Structure Patterns Sentence Structure Patterns Many sentences

Sentence Structure Patterns

Sentence Structure: Patterns • • Many sentences rely on their various parts being organised in a particular way in order to create a particular effect. Some of the sentence patterns that crop up most commonly in Close Reading questions will be outlined in the following slides: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. • Inversion Listing Repetition Climax and Anti-climax Antithesis Use of long and short sentences However, it is important to bear in mind that there are many others.

Patterns: Inversion Definition: Changing the usual, expected word order of a sentence. Possible Purpose(s): • To put additional emphasis on a particular part of the sentence. Example: “Up and up leapt the flames. ” Usually this information would be written as “The flames leapt up and up”. By changing the expected order of these words, this helps to emphasise the fact that the flames leapt “Up and up”.

Patterns: Listing Definition: The grouping together of a series of related ideas in the same sentence / group of sentences. Possible Purpose(s): • To add weight to an argument by showing how many ideas are in support of it. • To build to a climax / anti-climax. Example: “At this very moment, as we sit here, women around the world are giving birth, raising children, cooking meals, washing clothes, cleaning houses, planting crops, working on assembly lines, running companies and running countries. ” By listing such a range of activities that women are undertaking, this emphasises just how important woman are in society, as they are responsible for such a range of varied and important jobs.

Patterns: Repetition Definition: Repeating the same word or phrase several times within the same sentence or group of sentences. Possible Purpose(s): • To put additional emphasis on the word / phrase that is being repeated. Example: “We shall fight them on the beaches, we shall fight them on the landing ground, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. ” By repeating the phrase “we shall fight” many times, the speaker emphasises how persistent he and his followers will be in their intention to fight, suggesting that it will take a lot to make them give up.

Patterns: Climax Definition: Placing a series of ideas in ascending order of importance, with the most important idea being saved until the end. Possible Purpose(s): To emphasise the importance of the climactic idea at the end. Example: “We shall fight them on the beaches, we shall fight them on the landing ground, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. ” By listing increasingly advanced stages of the attack (from the beaches where the soldiers land, on the fields and streets of the country up into the hills) this builds up to show relentlessly the soldiers move through the country, leading up to the climactic idea that they will “never surrender”.

Patterns: Anti-climax Definition: Placing a series of ideas in ascending order of importance, only to introduce a complete contrast to these ideas at the end of the pattern. Possible Purpose(s): • • To emphasise the contrast between the expectation (the build-up) and the reality (the anti-climax). To be humorous. Example: “We shall fight them on the beaches, we shall fight them on the landing ground, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills… unless there’s something good on the telly, in which case we might just stay in and phone a pizza. ” By listing increasingly advanced stages of the attack, this builds up an expectation that the speaker is relentless in his/her intention to fight. This is contradicted by the anticlimactic intention not to do so, given a rather a flimsy excuse. This anti-climax is intended to create comic effect and to emphasise the cowardliness / lack of commitment of the speaker.

Patterns: Antithesis Definition: Using similar sentence structures to describe two opposing / contrasting ideas. Possible Purpose(s): • To highlight the similarities and differences between the two ideas expressed. Example: “You can take the boy out of Uddingston, but you can’t take the Uddingston out of the boy. ” This invites the reader to compare the ideas that a) you can remove someone from the place that they were born / brought up, but b) you can’t change the impact that their upbringing in that place has had on making them the person they are today.

Patterns: Long Sentences Definition: Using unusually long sentence(s) to create a specific effect. Possible Purpose(s): • To indicate that the writer is ranting about a particular subject. • To indicate that someone is going on and on about something very boring. • To add weight to an argument by showing how many ideas are in support of it. Example: “Worse even that is that hundreds of thousands of people are buying the bloody thing, and its up there at the top of the bestseller lists, and it good reviews from all and sundry, because I suspect everybody wants it to be known that they appreciate how important the apostrophe is, when actually, if they were honest, it doesn’t matter a monkeys. ” The long sentence suggests that the writer is getting angry / emotional about the book and is starting to rant about it.

Patterns: Short Sentences Definition: Using unusually short sentence(s) to create a specific effect. Possible Purpose(s): • To create an atmosphere of suspense / tension. • To emphasise the idea / information contained in the sentence. Example: “She crept downstairs. Through the hallway. Carefully stepped over the creaking floorboard. Unlocked the front door with trembling fingers. Stepped out into the open air and breathed a sigh of relief. She was free. ” The short sentences create a tense atmosphere, suggesting the girl is in constant fear of being discovered as she sneaks out of the house. The final sentence reinforces the girl’s relief at being free of the house.

1. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us ill or well, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty.

2. It’s not the size of the dog in the fight; it’s the size of the fight in the dog.