ROYCE INTERNATIONAL AND ATUL LTD Present Di and

ROYCE INTERNATIONAL AND ATUL LTD. Present Di- and Tri-Functional Epoxides As Reactive Diluents In Epoxy Systems Authors Dr. Hubert Monteiro Mr. Harshad Deshpande COMMITTED TO YOUR SUCCESS……SINCE 1929 © 2005. Royce International USA

1. Diluents Selected • Aliphatic difunctional diluents Neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether (NPGDGE) 1: 4 -butane-diol diglycidyl ether (BDGE) 1: 6 -hexane-diol diglycidyl ether (HDGE) • Aliphatic trifunctional diluent Trimethylol propane triglycidyl ether (TMPTGE) • Aromatic difunctional diluent Resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE)

2. Viscosity & Epoxy Equivalent Weight of Diluents used Diluent EEW Viscosity at 25 o. C NPGDGE 137 14 BDGE 110 13 HDGE 124 16 TMPTGE 128 230 RDGE 113 165

3. Efficiency of Diluents (phr of diluent added to B-11 to obtain a viscosity of 2000 c. P) NPGDGE 19. 8 BDGE 18. 5 HDGE 14. 3 TMPTGE 42. 9 RDGE 50

4. Viscosity of Mix with XH 56 and XH 56 -1 Diluent XH 56 -1 Mix Ratio phr Viscos ity B-11 / NPGDGE 30. 1 2038 27. 2 1812 B-11 / BDGE 32. 6 1223 29. 4 996 B-11 / HDGE 31. 3 1857 28. 3 1449 B-11 / TMPTGE 34. 1 2491 30. 8 1857 B-11 / RDGE 36. 5 2165 33 1882 29 5689 27 4587 Viscosity in c. P at 25 o. C B-11

5. Gel Time and Pot-life in minutes Gel Time at 80 o. C Pot Life at 25 o. C Diluent XH 56 -1 NPGDG E 48 11 178 39 BD GE 43 9 127 33 HDGE 43 8 113 27 TMPTG E 29 8 110 29 RDGE 22 6 76 22 B-11 31 9 156 37

6. Tg before and after post-curing Tg before post curing Tg after post curing XH 56 -1 NPGDGE 97 108 120. 5 122 BDGE 100. 5 107. 5 118 134 HDGE 113. 2 118. 6 121. 2 124. 8 TMPTGE 105. 5 111. 8 132 135. 9 RDGE 106. 7 121. 2 132. 3 138 B-11 121. 3 134. 1 141. 4 Tg after Gel time +24 hrs at RT, (°C) Tg after Gel time +24 hrs at RT+100°C/3 h +140°C/2 h (°C)

7. Water Absorption Diluent XH 56 -1 NPGDG E 0. 1 0. 09 0. 46 0. 42 BDGE 0. 13 0. 06 0. 5 0. 37 HDGE 0. 1 0. 07 0. 32 0. 33 TMPTG E 0. 13 0. 08 0. 52 0. 37 RDGE 0. 08 0. 04 0. 3 0. 2 B-11 0. 06 0. 05 0. 03 Water absorption after 24 hrs at RT % w/w Water absorption after 100°c /2 h % w/w

8. Shear strength after post-curing (kgf/mm 2) Diluent XH 56 -1 NPGDGE 0. 4844 0. 4328 BDGE 0. 7414 0. 688 HDGE 0. 565 0. 5612 TMPTGE 0. 5895 0. 5736 RDGE 0. 555 0. 5575 B 11 0. 6117 0. 6015

9. Tensile strength after post-curing (kgf/mm 2) Diluent XH 56 -1 NPGDGE 5. 48 5. 44 BDGE 7. 55 6. 62 HDGE 7. 60 6. 43 TMPTGE 6. 99 5. 87 RDGE 8. 59 7. 74 B-11 7. 56 7. 3

10. Tensile elongation at break after post-curing (%) Diluent XH 56 -1 NPGDGE 4. 11 3. 98 BDGE 4. 58 4. 31 HDGE 4. 25 4. 01 TMPTGE 4. 65 4. 57 RDGE 4. 98 4. 85 B-11 4. 8 4. 78

11. Compressive strength after post-curing (kgf/mm 2) Diluent XH 56 -1 NPGDGE 11. 25 10. 98 BDGE 12. 24 11. 87 HDGE 11. 95 11. 52 TMPTGE 12. 78 12. 25 RDGE 13. 02 12. 65 B-11 14. 22 13. 52

12. Impact strength after post-curing (kgf cm/cm 2) Diluent XH 56 -1 NPGDGE 8. 8 6. 5 BDGE 10. 8 9. 6 HDGE 9. 7 8. 9 TMPTGE 9. 0 7. 0 RDGE 11. 4 11. 0 B-11 10. 7 7. 8

13. Electrical Properties of B-11 / BDGE / XH 56 -1 Dielectric constant at 50 Hz 3. 05 Dissipation Factor (tan delta) at 50 Hz 0. 005 Dielectric strength 18 k. V/mm

14. Conclusions • Resorcinol Diglycidyl Ether gives the highest Tg but very poor dilution efficiency. Because of health hazard it is ruled out. • Trimethylol propane triglycidyl ether gives next best Tg. Good mechanical properties as well. If high dilution ratio (~40 phr diluent) is acceptable, it can be recommended. • 1: 4 -butane-diol diglycidyl ether is the best difunctional aliphatic diluent with good efficiency, moderately high Tg (134 o. C) and best overall mechanical properties. Hence it is ideal for filament winding, pultrusion, casting and encapsulation.