Royal Psalms Royal Psalms n Royal psalms are

Royal Psalms

Royal Psalms n Royal psalms are psalms which emphasize the human king n Psalms 2, 18, 20, 21, 45, 72, 89, 101, 110, 132, 144 n Kings promised to Abraham Genesis 17: 6, 16; 35: 11; Deuteronomy 28: 36 n They are given to Judah Genesis 49: 10 and Numbers 24: 17

Royal Psalms n Deuteronomy 17: 14 -20 gives regulations for the king n Words and ideas which link the royal psalms: the king, the anointed one, refer to David by name n God’s promises to David in II Samuel 7 and I Chronicles 17 are central to the idea of the royal psalms

Psalm 132 n II Samuel 5 -7 serve as background for the Psalm: David captures Jerusalem, he moves the ark, and he desires to build a temple for the ark n Two oaths: 2 David’s oath to build a house for the Lord and 11 The Lord’s oath to put a descendent on the throne n LORD (1, 17); David (1, 11); swore (2, 11); resting place (8, 14); clothing of priests and godly ones (9, 16)

Psalm 132 - Poetic version of II Sam 7 n 132: 1 -5 David vows to build a temple for the ark n 3 -4 hyperbole n 132: 6 -9 The wanderings of the arkonly mention of ark in Psalms n 132: 10 -12 God’s vow to David to sit one of his descendents on the throne- Acts 2: 30 n 132: 13 -18 God establishes His presence in Zion

Psalm 45 n 45: 1 -2 Opening Praise to the king n 1 Addressed to the king- word king is used in 1, 5, 9, 11, 13, 14; anointed 7 n He is the best looking (2; I Sam 9: 2; 10: 23; 16: 12; II Sam 14: 25; I K 1: 6) n 45: 3 -7 The military power and character of the kin n 3 -5 The strongest among man n 4 Why does he fight? word righteousness 7 n 7 loved righteousness and hated wickedness

n The king’s rule is to represent God’s rule in v. 6 - 7 (Ex 21: 6; 22: 8 -9; Ps 82: 6; Ex 7: 1) n 45: 8 -9 King prepares for wedding n 8 ivory- I K 10: 18; 22: 39; Amos 3: 15; 6: 4 n 9 Ophir- I K 10: 11; 22: 48; Job 22: 24; 28: 16 n 45: 10 -15 Focus on the bride n 10 Leave father and mother n 11 Lord- Gen 18: 12; I Peter 3: 6 n 45: 16 -17 Final blessings on the king n 17 forever- 2, 6

Psalm 2 n 2: 1 -3 Nations plot rebellion to the LORD n 1 Why? Bewildered at man’s hostility to God n 2 Kings throughout the psalm (2, 6, 10) n 2: 4 -6 The LORD rules in the heavens n 4 laughs- 37: 13; 59: 8 n 5 His anger/ His fury v. 12 His wrath n 2: 7 -9 God’s decree, “You are my son…” n 7 Father/ son relationship between God and the king (II Sam 7: 14; I Ch 22: 10; 28: 6; Ps 89: 26 -27)

n 8 nations/ ends of the earth- v 1 nations plotted rebellion now given to King n 9 Rod of iron- strong, earthenware- fragile n 2: 10 -12 The kings are called to submit to God and his king n 10 kings/ judges n Word earth in v. 2, 6, 10 n 12 kiss the Son- I K 19: 18; Hos 13: 2 n Perish in the way- similar to 1: 6 n The king is a conquering king who will vanquish all his foes

Psalm 72 n 72: 1 -4 The King practices righteousness and justice n Word righteousness (1, 2, 3, 7) and justice (2)some form justice 25 x (II Sam 8: 15 -18; I K 10: 9) n God’s righteousness is key in Psalm 71 (2, 15, 16, 19, 24) this is reflected in the king’s reign n God saves (71: 2, 3, 15) king saves (72: 4, 13); God delivers (71: 2, 11) king delivers (72: 12); God is helper (71: 12) king is helper (72: 12) n 4 Rom 13: 3 -4; I Peter 2: 13 -14

Psalm 72 n 72: 5 -7 Prayer for life and blessings on king n 5 sun/ moon pictures of permanence n 6 II Sam 23: 4 n 72: 8 -11 Universal dominion of the king n 8 Sea to sea- Ex 23: 31; Zech 9: 10 universal n 9 bow/ lick the dust- intensification n 10, 15 Sheba- I Kings 10: 1 -12; II Chron 9: 1 -12 n 72: 12 -14 The king has compassion on outcasts n 12 needy- 4, 12, 13; afflicted- 2, 4, 12 n 14 precious- 116: 15 highly valued

n 72: 15 -17 Prayer for longevity and prosperity of the king n 16 agricultural prosperity (3, 7) n 17 all nations- international influence 8 -11, 15, 17 n Promises to Abraham Gen 12: 1 -3; 22: 18 n 72: 18 -20 Doxology n King’s name (17, 17); God’s name (19) n Blessed king (17); Blessed be God (18, 19) n All nations (17); whole earth (19) n As long as sun shines (17); forever (19)

Psalm 110 n 110: 1 -3 Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool n 1 Right hand (109: 31) a position of power (I K 2: 19; Jud 5: 26; Job 40: 14; Psalm 21: 8) Keel, Symbolism of the Biblical World, 254 -55, 263 n A footstool (Joshua 10: 24; Isaiah 51: 23) n 2 from Zion- 2: 6 n 3 holy array- I Chron 16: 29; II Chron 20: 21 n 110: 4 -7 You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek n 5 Lord at king’s right hand (1)

Psalm 110 n 5 -6 shatter kings/ judge nations/ shatter chief men n 7 lift up His head- Jud 8: 28; Zech 1: 21 n Shatter (5, 6); heads (6, 7) n Psalm 110 and the NT n Matt 22: 41 -46; Mk 12: 35 -37; Lk 20: 41 -44 David affirms the deity of the Messiah n Acts 2: 33 -35; 5: 31 n Hebrews 1: 3, 13; 7; 10: 11 -14 n Romans 8: 34 n I Cor 15: 24 -25

Arguments that has OT fulfillment first n This is the general pattern of the psalms n The kings did exercise some priestly functions II Samuel 6: 14 -18 n Some of the references do not make sense of Jesus (5 -7)

Arguments for exclusive NT fulfillment n The term used in 110: 1 translated “The Lord says” often refers to prophetic oracle n Priestly functions of the kings are limited (II Chronicles 26) n NT use argue for direct Messianic fulfillment (Matthew 22: 41 -46)

Themes of Royal Psalms n King receives authority/dominion from God (2: 2, 6 -8; 20: 6; 45: 6 -7; 72: 1; 89: 3 -4, 1920; 110: 1 -2) n The king is a descendent of David (18: 50; 89: 3 -4, 20, 28 -29, 35 -37, 49; 132: 1, 10, 11, 17; 144: 10) n The king is God’s anointed (2: 2; 18: 50; 20: 6; 45: 7; 89: 20, 38, 51; 132: 10, 17)

Themes n God is the source of the king’s strength (2: 4 -9; 18: 1 -3; 20: 1 -2, 6 -7; 21: 1; 89: 22, 24; 110: 2, 5; 114: 1 -2, 10 -11) n The king’s reign built on justice/righteousness (45: 4, 6 -7; 72: 2 -4, 7, 12 -14; 101)

n With God’s strength, the king shatters his foes (2: 9; 18: 27 -42, 46 -50; 20: 8; 21: 8 -12; 45: 3 -5; 89: 23; 110: 1, 5 -6; 132: 18; 144: 2, 5 -8) n The king’s name will endure forever n (18: 50; 45: 17; 72: 5, 17; 89: 4, 28, 29, 36, 37; 132: 12) n King’s reign will be universal (2: 8 -9; 18: 4345; 45: 12; 72: 8 -11; 89: 24 -27; 110: 2, 5 -6)

Key Terms in Ps 89 n Loving kindness 1, 2, 14, 28, 33, 49 n Faithfulness 1, 2, 5, 8, 24, 33, 49 n These two words were used in Ps 88: 11 n Covenant with David 3 -4, 19, 20, 28, 29, 34, 36, 49 -51 n Forever 1, 2, 4, 28, 29, 36, 37 n Anointed 20, 38, 51

Psalm 89 n 89: 1 -18 A hymn of praise to God n 6, 8 Who is comparable to the LORD? n 9 -10 God controls the seas and defeats His foes n Rahab- Job 9: 13; 26: 12 n 14 Righteousness and justice foundation throne n 89: 19 -37 The covenant with David n This is a poetic restatement of II Sam 7 n 89: 38 -52 Lament: What happened to the covenant with David?

n Most psalms of lament move from lament to praise but this one moves from praise to lament n “Nowhere is the paradox of faith and sight, divine promise and human experience more pronounced… the incomprehensible riddle of povidence is laid before God for him to resolve” Laymen, 663

Comparisons between God (1 -18) and King (19 -37) n God of gods (6 -9) king of kings (27) n God defeats foes (13) king defeats foes (21 -23) n God raises horn people (17 -18) raises the king’s horn (24) n God rules the seas (9 -10) king rules from sea to sea (25)

Comparisons between God and King n God’s throne upheld by righteousness and justice (14) and king is upheld by these (24) n God is Most High (idea, not term 6 -9) and king is most high (26 -27)

Contrast 89: 19 -37 & 38 -52 n Exalted (19, 24) Enemies Exalted (42) n Anointed, established (20 -21) cast off, rejected (38) n Right hand of king (25) right hand of enemies (42) n Loving kindness (33) wrath (38) n Confirm covenant (28), spurned covenant (39)

Is this the historical reality? n Josiah- killed by Pharaoh Neco (II Kings 23: 29 -30) n Jehoahaz- removed by Pharaoh and taken to Egypt (II Kings 23: 31 -33) n Jehoiakim- place on the throne by Egypt, changes his name, submits to Babylon and attacked when rebels (II Kings 23: 34 -24: 7) n Jehoiachin- surrenders to Babylon ( II Kings 24: 8 -17) n Zedekiah- removed from throne and eyes put out (II Kings 24: 18 -25: 7)

Royal Psalms and the NT n Psalm 2 n 1 -2 Acts 4: 25 -28 n 7 Matt. 3: 17; 17: 5; Acts 13: 33; Hebrews 1: 5; 5: 5; Revelation 21: 7 may echo this n 8 may be alluded to Matthew 28: 18 -20 n 8 -9 Revelation 2: 26 -27 n 9 Revelation 12: 5; 19: 15

n Psalm 45 n 6 -7 Hebrews 1: 8 -9 n Psalm 89 n 20 seems to be alluded to in Acts 13: 22 n 26 -27 may be echoed in Hebrews 1: 8 -9

n Psalm 132 n 11 Acts 2: 30 n Psalm 110 n 1 Matthew 22: 41 -46; Acts 2: 34 -35; I Cor 15: 25 -26; Heb 1: 13; 10: 12 -13; I Cor 15 is still future n Every reference to Jesus at the right hand of God (Matthew 26: 64; Eph. 1: 20; Col. 3: 1; Heb. 1: 3; 8: 1) n 4 Hebrews 5: 6; 7: 17, 21

Jesus: Heir of David n Matthew 1: 1 -17; 9: 27; 12: 23; 15: 22; 20: 30 -31; 21: 9, 15; 22: 41 -46 n Mark 10: 47 -48 n Luke 1: 27; 31 -33; 3: 31; 18: 38 -39 n John 7: 42 n Acts 2: 25 -36; 13: 22, 33 -36; 15: 16 n Romans 1: 3; 15: 12

Jesus as King n Matthew 1: 1 -17; 2: 5; 27: 11, 29, 37, 42 n Mark 15: 2, 9, 12, 18, 26, 32 n Luke 19: 38; 23: 2 -3, 37 -38 n John 1: 49; 12: 13, 15; 18: 33, 37, 39; 19: 3, 12, 14, 15, 19 -22 n Acts 17: 7 n Revelation 1: 5; 11: 15; 17: 14; 19: 14