RHIC FY 03 DeuteronGold Performance n RHIC DeuteronGold

RHIC FY 03 Deuteron-Gold Performance n RHIC Deuteron-Gold Performance • Run Description/Chronology • Performance Goals Achieved • Luminosity Delivery n n RHIC Performance Limitations FY 04 Au-Au Operations Projections http: //www. rhichome. bnl. gov/AP/RHIC 2003 Brookhaven Science Associates Todd Satogata 1 Fri May 16 2003

RHIC Layout and d. Au Geometries BRAHMS/pp 2 pp PHOBOS STAR PHENIX d RF Au 79+ Booster - Pol. H Source Linac AGS Tandems MP 6 d MP 7 Au 12+ foil Different species, Z/A provided new challenges in RHIC setup n Injection with both equal rigidities and equal Brookhaven Science Todd Satogata 2 Fri May 16 2003 frequencies Associates n

RHIC FY 03 Deuteron-Gold Chronology 11/1 Start of RHIC cooldown 12/3 Blue ring at 4 K, deuteron injection 12/13 Deuterons accelerated to flattop; Both rings at 4 K 12/22 First ramps of d/Au to collision energies 12/24 First d/Au collisions at all experiments 12/27 Start of routine detector commissioning 1/9 Routine 110 bunch ramping 1/12 Start of 2003 d/Au Physics Run 2/21 Low-noise storage RF driver 2/22 Deuteron transverse instability fixed 2/22 First production store to hit goal levels 2/26 Return to 56 bunch operations; routine goal operations 3/24 End of FY 03 d/Au Physics Run Brookhaven Science Associates Todd Satogata 3 Fri May 16 2003

RHIC FY 03 Deuteron-Gold Performance Goals Storage Parameter Au, Yellow Ring d, Blue Ring Goal Achieved Intensity/bunch 1. 0 x 109 0. 8 x 1011 1. 1 x 1011 0. 7 x 109 Total Intensity 55 x 109 45 x 1011 Transverse Emittance [95% 38/60 x 109 57/69 x 1011 rad] Machine Performance 10 -40 goal 10 -30 achieved 15 12 Bunch Length [ns] (200 MHz 2. 5/3 Setup/Ramp-up time 2/3 RF) [weeks] 5 5 5 100 5 100 Storage Energy [Ge. V/u] 110/56 56 Number of bunches 2/3/4 2 * [m] 15 20 Diamond length [cm] 7. 2 Peak luminosity L [x 1028 cm 4. 0 (5. 0) -2 s-1] 2. 2 1. 6 (2. 0) <L>(store) [x 1028 cm-2 s-1] 4. 6 4. 0 (5. 0) Brookhaven Science Todd Satogata 4 Fri May 16 2003 -1 Associates <L>(week) [nb /week]

RHIC Deuteron-Gold Integrated Luminosity Brookhaven Science Associates Todd Satogata 5 Fri May 16 2003

RHIC Deuteron-Gold Intensity Performance d merge 11 0 55 Injector d. Au “mode switch” time usually 3 -5 minutes, below. Science goal Brookhaven n Associates Todd Satogata 6 Fri May 16 2003

RHIC Deuteron-Gold Initial Luminosities d. Au operations routinely exceeded program goal performance Brookhaven Science Associates Todd Satogata 7 Fri May 16 2003

RHIC Deuteron-Gold Typical Week Brookhaven Science Associates Todd Satogata 8 Fri May 16 2003

RHIC Deuteron-Gold Typical Stores 1 -2 hours between stores, <5 minutes switch between d and Au n Brookhaven Luminosity lifetime. Todd (~4 h) dominated by Au lifetime, Science Satogata 9 Fri May 16 2003 Associates debunching, IBS n

RHIC Deuteron Beam Transverse Instability k. Hz-MHz transverse instabilities created emittance growth n Brookhaven New instrumentation provided 10 near-immediate Science Todd Satogata Fri May 16 2003 Associates performance increase n

RHIC Beam Experiments Program Fill 3 Fill 2 Fill 1 n n Focus on RHIC performance/upgrades, facility-driven beam physics ·Fillpressure 1: 16 bunches+[4 empty]+. . . , Filllimitations 2: 12+[8]+. . . , study Fill 3: 14+[6]+. . . e. g. rise/intensity (Zhang, Iriso·Pressure rise of Fill 2 is lower than Fill 1. Ariz, Fischer, …) ·Fill 3: bunch length is longer and intensity is lower. Brookhaven Science Associates Todd Satogata 11 Fri May 16 2003

RHIC Deuteron-Gold Performance Limitations n Vacuum pressure rise • Total intensity limited to 100 -110 109 Au equivalent • Limits deuteron-gold operations to 56 bunches/ring n Transition instabilities • Coherent bunch oscillations drive beam growth/reduce luminosity • Corrected with machine tuning Feb 23 in deuteron beam n Longitudinal instabilities • Leads to factors 2– 3 in diamond size, damp with “Landau cavities” n Intrabeam scattering (Au beam) • Transverse/longitudinal emittance growth => electron cooling n Beam-beam tuneshift and tune spread • First strong-strong hadron collider since ISR • Likely present limitation to polarized proton performance Brookhaven Science Associates Todd Satogata 12 Fri May 16 2003

RHIC FY 04 Au-Au Operation Projections # Ions/bunc Emittanc bunches h e [x 109] [ rad] 56 1. 0 15 -40 * [m] Lpeak Lave(stor Lave(wee e) k) [cm-2 s-1] [week-1] 26 1 14. 0 x 10 3. 0 x 10 70. 0 26 26 (ub)-1 3 1. 0 x 10 4. 7 x 1026 23. 3 (ub)-1 56 0. 7 15 -40 1 7. 0 x 1026 1. 5 x 1026 35. 0 n RHIC planning indicates a likely long FY 04 Au-Au run-1 26 0. 5 x 10 26 (ub) 3 2. 4 x 10 n Almost all performance goals reached in FY 03 d. Au 11. 7 run -1 (ub) • Demonstrated *=1 m in FY 02 Au-Au run, FY 03 pp run • Injector ramp-up time for Au intensity is indicated n Operations on possible threshold of vacuum instabilities • Solenoids, bakeout, beam scrubbing are feasible solutions RHIC Retreat: June 10 -12 2003 Brookhaven Science Associates Todd Satogata 13 Fri May 16 2003