Review What did the Wilmot Proviso propose Did

Review • What did the Wilmot Proviso propose? Did it pass into law? • Banning slavery in all new territories – it was rejected and did not become law. • What were the 5 main points of the Compromise of 1850? • CA = free state • Texas gets $10 million to leave NM alone • Fugitive Slave Act • No sale of slaves in DC • Slavery in UT and NM decided by popular sovereignty (vote) • What was the reaction in the North to the Fugitive Slave Act? • Increased abolitionist activities and the growth of the Underground Railroad, and personal liberty laws in northern states

THE CIVIL WAR American History I - Unit 8 Ms. Brown

8. 2 – VIOLENCE ERUPTS IN KANSAS & NEBRASKA

Election of 1852 • Franklin Pierce • Democrat, states’ rights • Split on slavery • Winfield Scott • Whig, antislavery • Weak Whig party – Clay and Webster died in 1852 and the party was deeply split on slavery • Pierce = 14 th POTUS! • Whig party fell apart, eventually replaced by the Republican party

Douglas’s Proposal • Senator Stephen Douglas (Democrat - Illinois) helped pass the Compromise of 1850 but had other things in mind… • Pushed for the division of the large territory west of Iowa and Missouri create Kansas and Nebraska territories

Douglas’s Proposal • Why did Douglas want to create the Kansas and Nebraska territories? • Douglas wanted the construction of a railroad from Chicago, IL to San Francisco, CA would make Chicago wealthy • BUT Southern states wanted a similar railroad to start in a Southern city and would oppose his plan for a northern railroad through free territories • Douglas = Democrat, wants to be POTUS one day needs to please Southern Democrats

Douglas’s Proposal • Douglas proposed that the territory be broken into Nebraska and Kansas. • Both territories were technically supposed to be free due to being above the Missouri Compromise line • Douglas would lose support from Southern states and Democrats if these territories were automatically free. Nebraska Kansas

Douglas’s Proposal • Douglas proposed that slavery be decided in Kansas and Nebraska by popular sovereignty. Nebraska • Kansas – most likely slave territory, due to neighboring states • Nebraska – most likely free territory, bad soil for farming and plantations Kansas

Kansas-Nebraska Act • 1854 –Kansas-Nebraska Act • Divided the area in the mid-west into Kansas and Nebraska territories • Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by opening northern territories up to slavery

Aftermath of the Kansas-Nebraska Act • North = unhappy about the possibility of slavery in new territories • Criticized Douglas as a traitor and betrayer (he was from the North) • South = happy about the possibility of slavery in new territories • Praised Douglas as a true Democrat (promoted states’ rights) • The fate of the new territories and slavery was up to voters!

Aftermath of Kansas-Nebraska Act • Kansas up for grabs! pro and anti-slavery settlers poured into Kansas hoping to influence the vote on slavery • 1855 – Kansas had enough settlers to hold an election on slavery. • “Border ruffians” from slave state Missouri came into Kansas and voted illegally tipped the vote in favor of slavery

Bleeding Kansas • Pro-slavery groups set up Kansas’ capital in Lecompton. • Anti-slavery groups responded by established their capital in Topeka. • Established an anti-slavery town in Lawrence • High tensions and violence in Kansas in 1854 -56 gave Kansas the nickname “Bleeding Kansas. ”

Bleeding Kansas • 1856 – Sack of Lawrence • 800 proslavery men attacked anti-slavery Lawrence • Burned down headquarters, printing presses • Looted store and businesses

Bleeding Kansas • 1856 – The Pottawatomie Massacre • John Brown – believed God had called upon him to fight slavery • Brown mistakenly believed 5 abolitionists were killed in Lawrence • Brown and several supporters killed 5 men from the proslavery settlement Pottawatomie Creek • Hacked off hands and stabbed to death • Triggered revenge attacks in which over 200 people died.

Senate Caning • Violence spread to Congress in DC. • MA Senator Charles Sumner verbally attacked aged SC Senator Andrew Butler for supporting slavery and made rude comments about his impaired speech. • Butler’s nephew, SC Rep. Preston Brooks walked into the Senate chamber and said to Sumner… “I have read your speech twice over, carefully. It is a libel (false report) on South Carolina and Mr. Butler, who is a relative on mine. ”

Senate Caning • Brooks pulled out a cane and beat Sumner over the head repeatedly Sumner suffered from shock and brain damage, did not return to Senate for 3 years. • Reflected the growing tensions between the North and South…