Review 1 Give an example of contagious diffusion

Review! 1. Give an example of contagious diffusion. 2. What is the difference between assimilation and acculturation? 3. Where is one most likely to find an indigenous language? 4. What is your favorite example of American cultural landscape? 5. Do you think K-pop is an example of stimulus diffusion? Why or why not?

Intro to World Religions

Faith • Belief that is not based on proof • Religions cannot be proven or disproven, they require faith. Since we cannot prove that any religion is right or wrong, we should be respectful of all people’s religions.

The 5 (6) Major Religions of the World • • • Islam Hinduism Christianity Buddhism Judaism (And atheism/secularism) • Which religion do you think has the most people?

• 2. 1 billion Christians • 1. 5 billion Muslims • 1. 1 billion atheist/agnostic • 900 million Hindus • 300 million Buddhists • 12 million Jews

• Universal Religions— Religions that attempt to be global – Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism • Ethnic Religion—Appeals mainly to one group of people living in one place – All other religions

• Monotheistic Religions: Religions with one God • Polytheistic: Religions with more than one God

Christianity • 3 main branches: Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox • Branch—Large division of a religion

Christian beliefs • Main belief: Jesus Christ was the son of God, and he died on the cross for all mankind’s sins. Three days later, he was resurrected and went to Heaven.

All Christians Age: 2019 years old Hearth: Jerusalem Holy book—Bible—Made of two parts: Old Testament and New Testament • Old Testament: Everything before Jesus (Moses, Abraham, etc. ) • New Testament: Jesus’ teachings and life • •

Catholicism • Follow religious hierarchy – Hierarchical • Pope: At the top of the hierarchy • Connection to God is mainly done through the Catholic Church, like through priests

Protestantism • Protestants: Broke away from the Catholic Church in the 1600’s (Martin Luther) • Do not follow hierarchy —People can have a direct connection with God • Do not follow Pope

Judaism • Only 12 million people worldwide • Oldest monotheistic religion in the world: 4, 000 years old

• Main leader/prophet: Abraham, who started the religion • Also important: Moses—Received the 10 Commandments • God’s Name: Yahweh

Judaism • Cultural Hearth: Jerusalem • Holy Book: Torah • Building of worship: synagogue • Basically, Jews believe everything in the Old Testament of the Bible (the Torah), but do not believe Jesus is the son of God • Believe in heaven and hell, think people should follow the 10 Commandments

10 Commandments

Review! 1. Which religion is older, Christianity or Judaism? 2. Which people are recognized in both Christianity and Judaism? 3. What does monotheistic mean? 4. Which of these religions is ethnic? Universal? 5. Are Christianity and Judaism monotheistic or polytheistic? 6. What is the difference between Christianity and Judaism? 7. What is the cultural hearth for both of these religions?

Islam Fill my board! Let’s see what we know about Islam and Muslims.

Islam Universal religion Monotheistic Holy Book- Koran (Qur’an) Religious building-mosque • Recognize Abraham, Moses, and Jesus as prophets • Also believe in afterlife, heaven and hell • •

• Founder— Mohammed— Prophet, not son of God • Age of religion— 1300 years • Cultural Hearth: Mecca and Medina (Saudi Arabia)

• Mecca—Holy city for Muslims—Where Mohammed first set up Islam

5 Pillars of Islam Declaration of Faith Praying 5 times a day Zakat—Giving to charity Fasting—Going without eating • Hajj (Pilgrimmage)—Go to Mecca in your life if possible • •

Sunni vs. Shi’ite • Sunni— 83% of Muslims – Believed leaders of Islam should be chosen or elected • Shiites— 17% of Muslims • Believe leader of Islam should be a descendent of Mohammed • Huge amount of conflict between these two branches

Sunni Shiite Distribution

Sharia Law • Strict Islamic law, not used/supported by all Muslims • Very specific—Governs everything from how to marry to how to eat to how to pray to punishment for different crimes • Can be very unequal for women – Ex. burqa

• Examples of sharia law Theft is punishable by amputation of the right hand (above). • Criticizing or denying any part of the Quran is punishable by death. • Criticizing Muhammad or denying that he is a prophet is punishable by death. • Criticizing or denying Allah, the god of Islam is punishable by death. • A Muslim who becomes a non-Muslim is punishable by death. • A non-Muslim who leads a Muslim away from Islam is punishable by death. • A non-Muslim man who marries a Muslim woman is punishable by death. • A man can marry an infant girl and consummate the marriage when she is 9 years old. • Girls' clitoris should be cut (Muhammad's words, Book 41, Kitab Al-Adab, Hadith 5251). • A woman can have 1 husband, who can have up to 4 wives; Muhammad can have more. • A man can beat his wife for insubordination. • A man can unilaterally divorce his wife; a woman needs her husband's consent to divorce. • A divorced wife loses custody of all children over 6 years of age or when they exceed it. • Testimonies of four male witnesses are required to prove rape against a woman. • A woman who has been raped cannot testify in court against her rapist(s). • A woman's testimony in court, allowed in property cases, carries ½ the weight of a man's. • A female heir inherits half of what a male heir inherits. • A woman cannot drive a car, as it leads to fitnah (upheaval). • A woman cannot speak alone to a man who is not her husband or relative. • Meat to eat must come from animals that have been sacrificed to Allah - i. e. , be "Halal".

• Jihad- Means war • For most Muslims, means an inner struggle between good and bad • For some, it means a holy war against infidels (unbelievers)

Review! 1. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam? 2. Who is the founder of Islam? 3. Rank the religions of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam from oldest to youngest. 4. What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims? 5. What is the hearth of Islam?

Review! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Rank the three Judeo-Christian religions from oldest to youngest. Which people are recognized in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam? What does monotheistic mean? Which of these religions is ethnic? Universal? Are Christianity and Judaism monotheistic or polytheistic? What is the cultural hearth for each of the major monotheistic religions? What are the 5 pillars of Islam? What are the two major branches of Islam? Which is more popular?

Video! • 30 Days as a Muslim