REPASO 14 MAR 2011 DA 24 Neurolingstica del

REPASO 14 MAR 2011 – DÍA 24 Neurolingüística del español SPAN 4270 Harry Howard Tulane University

ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO 03/14/11 http: //www. tulane. edu/~howard/SPAN 4130 Neurospan/ El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia. Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca. Human Research Protection Program SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University http: //tulane. edu/asvpr/irb/index. cfm Before beginning research at Tulane University, all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at www. citiprogram. org. 2

03/14/11 3 SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University REPASO

SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION OF WORD SEMANTICS 03/14/11 LH RH Primes words that share many semantic features > closely associated words SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University Quickly selects most familiar or Slowly selects multiple meanings dominant meaning (convergent (divergent processing) that are processing) while suppressing weakly associated other less closely related meanings Primes words that share few semantic features > loosely associated words Primes the most frequent meaning Primes the less frequent meaning of an ambiguous word Automatic (unconscious) processing Consciously controlled and attentive processing 4

SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION OF PHONOLOGY lexical, phrasal, clausal stress; lexical tone in Thai/Chinese sentence type emotional intonation categorical distinctions graded/continuous distinctions rapid cues > small window of temporal integration slow cues > large window of temporal integration high frequency: formants low frequency: fundamental time-dependent and sequential, i. e. temporal order, sequence, and duration of sounds and of intervals between sounds time-independent, i. e. pitch and harmonic structure (spectral) > inability to perceive frequencyrelated information [temporal cues] [spectral cues] SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University RH 03/14/11 LH 5

¿DEBE HABER UNA EXPLICACIÓN COMÚN PARA TODAS LAS DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LOS DOS HEMISFERIOS? Teoría 2 HI HD fonología Factor A Factor B semántica léxica Factor C Factor D HI HD fonología Factor A Factor B semántica léxica Factor A Factor B SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University Teoría 1 03/14/11 O sea, ¿cuál es la mejor, la teoría 1 o la 2? 6

RELACIONES CATEGÓRICAS O COORDINADAS EN LA VISIÓN ESPACIAL 03/14/11 Coordinada (el punto verde está cerca/lejos de la barra) SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University Categórica (el punto verde está sobre/debajo de la barra) 7

CODIFICACIÓN FINA O GRUESA 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 neuronas indizan 9 regiones del campo visual HD: codificación gruesa – campos receptivos grandes con solapamiento 1 2 3 4 4 neuronas indizan 8+ regiones del campo visual SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 1 03/14/11 HI: codificación fina – campos receptivos pequeños sin solapamiento 8

UNA EXPLICACIÓN COMÚN PARA LA DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LOS DOS HEMISFERIOS 03/14/11 Teoría 2 HD fonología codificación fina codificación gruesa semántica léxica codificación fina codificación gruesa SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University HI 9

03/14/11 10 Hoy es divertido pero desorganizado SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University LA ORGANIZACIÓN SEMÁNTICA DEL LÉXICO

GRANULARITY OF SEMANTIC PROCESSING (BEEMAN) The activation concentrated on context-relevant content works to keep that meaning available for subsequent language comprehension. In contrast, on the receipt of a word, the RH characteristically generates diffuse activation related to the word's semantic content, including even weakly associated connotative components. SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University On receipt of a word, the LH mediates focused activation of the limited subset of semantic content that is tied to the most frequent meaning or to the context at hand defined by precedent words or sentences. 03/14/11 In and of itself, the activation of a particular connotative association of a stimulus may not be strong enough to render that association available for conscious interpretation. 11

FINE VS. COARSE SEMANTIC CODING This makes the LH extremely adept for most language tasks. In contrast, the RH employs relatively coarse semantic coding to weakly activate several meanings and many features of the word, including features that are only distantly related to the input word, given the context. This makes the RH less adept at many language tasks because diffusely activated semantic fields provide only a coarse interpretation of an individual word's meaning. Diffusely activated semantic fields also provide a poor basis for selecting individual semantic representations, because activation is distributed over many representations, rather than one or a few representations being much more active than the others. SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University … when people read or hear a word, the LH uses relatively fine semantic coding to quickly select a single relevant meaning or a few relevant features, discarding the others 03/14/11 12

CODIFICACIÓN FINA O GRUESA vive en el campo Kevin Bacon tiene morro chato tiene el rabo corto dice "oink" tiene las patas cortas es gordo se come en el desayuno dice "oink" es comestible SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University es comestible Kevin Bacon se come en el desayuno HD: codificación gruesa – campos receptivos grandes con solapamiento 03/14/11 HI: codificación fina – campos receptivos pequeños sin solapamiento tiene morro chato 13

SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION No overlap & small receptive field → quickly selects most familiar or dominant meaning (convergent processing) while suppressing other less closely related meanings Much overlap & large receptive field → slowly selects multiple meanings (divergent processing) that are weakly associated No overlap → primes closely associated words Much overlap → primes loosely associated words No overlap → primes most frequent meaning (assumed to be most active) Much overlap → primes less frequent meanings (assumed to be less active) No overlap → categorical distinctions Much overlap → graded/continuous distinctions Small receptive field = small window of temporal integration → rapid cues Large receptive field = large window of temporal integration → slow cues Small receptive field = high frequency Large receptive field = low frequency SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University RH: coarse coding 03/14/11 LH: fine coding 14

03/14/11 15 Conceptos básicos de la morfología HOET § 3. 1 SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University EL PRÓXIMO DÍA