Regional Workshop Project RER 9136 Experiences of corrective

Regional Workshop Project RER 9136 Experiences of corrective and preventive radon measures Yerevan, Armenia 23 -27 October 2017 Olga German, IAEA

Content Ø Agenda layout Ø Expectations Ø Radon in the BSS requirements Ø Radon related TC co-operation

Agenda layout

Agenda layout • Day 1 – Opening – Radon legislation and regulations – National radon action plan • Day 2 – Education and training programmes – Radon remediation and prevention • Day 3 – Radon remediation and prevention cont – Radon risk communication • Day 4 – Measurement capacity and network – Radon survey and radon mapping – Results of expert missions • Day 5 – Discussion of results achieved – Discussion of planned activities in RER 2016002 – Closing

Expectations

Expectations • • Mutual respect and attention About 30 participants representing 25 MSs About 40 Presentations in 5 days Each theme to be discusses and summed up Active input to project progress report Work plan perspective 2018 -2019… 2021 Nice weather and great fun!

Radon in BSS requirements

Structure of GSR Part 3 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION AND SAFETY Application of principles of radiation protection Responsibilities of the government Responsibilities of the regulatory body Responsibilities for protection and safety Management requirements 3. PLANNED EXPOSURE SITUATIONS Scope Generic requirements Occupational exposure Public exposure Medical exposure 4. EMERGENCY EXPOSURE SITUATIONS Scope Generic requirements Public exposure Exposure of emergency workers Transition from an emergency exposure situation to an existing exposure situation 5. EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATIONS Scope Generic requirements Public exposure Occupational exposure Schedule I EXEMPTION AND CLEARANCE Schedule II CATEGORIZATION FOR SEALED SOURCES USED IN COMMON PRACTICES Schedule III DOSE LIMITS FOR PLANNED EXPOSURE SITUATIONS Schedule IV CRITERIA FOR USE IN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

Existing exposure situation Scope – Exposure due to contamination by residual radioactive material – Exposure due to commodities – Exposure due to natural sources • Radon in dwellings and workplaces • Aircrews and space crews - cosmic radiation 9

IAEA Safety Standards relating to radon • SF-1: Fundamental Safety Principles (2006) • GSR Part 3: Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards (2014) • SSG-32: Protection of the Public against Exposure Indoors due to Radon and Other Natural Sources of Radiation (2015) • All co-sponsored by WHO

Related guidance • • • WS-G-3. 1 Remediation Process for Areas affected by Past Activities and Accidents RS-G-1. 8 Environmental and Sources Monitoring for Purposes of Radiation Protection SSG-32 Protection of the Public against Exposure Indoors due to Radon and Other Natural Sources of Radiation TECDOC 1788 Criteria for Radionuclide Activity Concentrations for Food and Drinking Water RS-G-1. 7 Application of the Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance – DS 499 Application of the Concepts of Exclusion and Exemption – DS 500 Application of the Concepts of Clearance – Report on application of radiological criteria for international trade of commodities ICRP Publication 132 Radiological Protection from Cosmic Radiation in Aviation

Requirements of BSS – Radon (I) Requirement 47: Responsibilities of the government The government shall ensure that existing exposure situations that have been identified are evaluated to determine which occupational exposures and public exposures are of concern from the point of view of radiation protection. Establish legislation Assign responsibilities

Requirements of BSS – Radon (II) Requirement 48: Justification of protection actions and optimization of protection and safety The government and the regulatory body or other relevant authority shall ensure that remedial actions are justified and that protection and safety is optimized. Justification Optimization

Requirements of BSS – Radon (III) Requirement 50: Public exposure due to radon indoors • The government shall provide information on levels of radon indoors and the associated health risks and, if appropriate, shall establish and implement an action plan for controlling public exposure due to radon indoors. – Information gathered on radon levels in dwellings and other buildings of high occupancy, – Information on radon levels and health risks is made available for the public, – Assign responsibility to a regulatory body/relevant authority, – If significant radon levels, then national action plan – Reference level for 222 Rn not to exceed 300 Bq/m 3 – Optimize protection – Corrective actions and preventive measures into building codes – Determine if corrective actions are mandatory or voluntary 14

Requirements of BSS – Radon (IV) Requirement 51: Exposure due to radionuclides in commodities • The regulatory body or other relevant authority shall establish reference levels for exposure due to radionuclides in commodities. – Regulatory body to establish specific reference levels for exposure to radionuclides in construction materials, food, feed, drinking water – reference level is not to exceed 1 m. Sv – Food traded internationally as a result of a nuclear or radiological emergency – FAO/WHO - Codex has published guideline values – Drinking water – WHO guidelines 15

Requirements of BSS – Radon (V) Requirement 52: Exposure in workplaces • The regulatory body shall establish and enforce requirements for the protection of workers in existing exposure situations. – The requirements in respect of public exposure shall be applied for protection and safety for workers in existing exposure situations, other than: – Remediation of areas with residual radioactive material - exposure of workers is planned exposure situation, – Exposure due to radon in workplaces - reference level for 222 Rn 1000 Bq/m 3 , account taken of the prevailing social and economic circumstances. If, remains above the reference level – requirements of planned exposure situations shall apply. – Exposure of aircrew and space crew due to cosmic radiation reference level of dose and a methodology for the assessment, recording of doses, information to employees. Specific requirements for occupational exposure in planned exposure situations are to apply, particularly for pregnant aircrew if reference levels are exceeded. 16

Related guidance • • • WS-G-3. 1 Remediation Process for Areas affected by Past Activities and Accidents RS-G-1. 8 Environmental and Sources Monitoring for Purposes of Radiation Protection SSG-32 Protection of the Public against Exposure Indoors due to Radon and Other Natural Sources of Radiation TECDOC 1788 Criteria for Radionuclide Activity Concentrations for Food and Drinking Water RS-G-1. 7 Application of the Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance – DS 499 Application of the Concepts of Exclusion – DS 500 Application of the Concepts of Exemption and Clearance – Report on application of radiological criteria for international trade of commodities ICRP Publication 132 Radiological Protection from Cosmic Radiation in Aviation

IAEA and EC Requirement IAEA GSR Part 3 Directive 2013/59/Euratom Rn in dwellings 300 Bq/m 3 Rn at workplaces 1000 Bq/m 3 300 Bq/m 3 Rn in building materials Not specified Annex XVIII “strategy … for preventing radon ingress … including identification of building materials with significant radon exhalation” Radionuclides in building materials Annual effective dose <1 m. Sv Activity index* I < 1 *I = CRa 226 /300 Bq/kg + CTh 232 /200 Bq/kg + CK 40 /3 000 Bq/kg Gamma radiation from building materials Not specified Annual effective dose <1 m. Sv

Radon related TC co-operation

RER 9127 and RER 9136 • • RW Review of Radon Programmes in Europe Member Sates. 2014, Austria RW Developing and Implementing National Programmes for Control of Public Exposure to Radon. 2014, Bulgaria RW Communication Strategies in the Control of Public Exposure to Radon. 2015, Estonia RW Measures to Control Radon Indoor Levels and Inter-Comparison Testing of Radon Active Monitors. 2015, Czech Republic RW Radon in Workplaces as an Element of a National Radon Action Plan. 2016, Estonia RW QA/QC in the Measurement of Radon and on Radon Risk Communication. 2016, Latvia RW Experiences of Corrective and Preventive Radon Measures. 2017, Armenia Lots of training materials and presentations were developed and are available • • • EM to TFYR of Macedonia to provide advice on measures to reduce radon levels in buildings. 2016 EM to Bulgaria to provide advice on measures to reduce radon levels in buildings at a national workshop. 2016 EM to Serbia to advise on the design of a national radon survey. 2015 Follow-up EM to Serbia to review the results of the national radon survey. 2016 EM to Georgia to advise on the design of a national radon survey. 2016 • • EM to Moldova to discuss and review steps taken to develop a national radon action plan. 2017 • EM to Croatia to advise on national radon action plan development. Q 1 2018 EM to Bosnia Herzegovina to advise on national radon action plan development. 2017

MNE 9004 and MNE 9005 • • 14 study visits were completed covering issues of indoor radon surveys, radon maps, measurements practice with charcoal detector, radon reference lab, legislation, national radon programs and strategies. 9 expert missions were completed, covering radon survey and measurements, statistical analysis of the results and radon map development, regulations, National Radon Strategy and National Radon Action Plan, establishment of a radon calibration laboratory, training the first mitigation team, review of existing radon legislation in Montenegro. Passive track detector system for radon measurements, electret radon ionisation chamber system and 28 sets of active radon monitors, two reference active radon monitors were provided. Established a fully equipped radon calibration facility at the National Bureau of Metrology in Podgorica. Radon activity concentration was measured in 1400 dwellings as well as in all schools and kindergartens of the country (242 in total). A preliminary radon risk map was created based on the results of the measurements. A team of radon remediation experts, consisting of several different expertise was established and trained. National regulations were reviewed and necessary changes introduced. The improved laws and regulations have now been approved by the parliamentary committees.

Radon related missions in other TC projects • Role of building professionals in radon related issues. Macedonia 2011 • Radon in Radiation protection issues for public and environment. Indonesia 2012 • IAEA safety standards related to protection against radon. Iran 2014 • Control of public exposure, Argentina 2014 • National radon plans. Malaysia 2015 • Radon in BSS implementation HERCA meeting 2015 • etc

Planned projects (subject of approval) • • • Azerbaijan 2018 -2019 Establishing a Radon Standard Laboratory at the State Standard Laboratory of Ionizing Radiation under the Azerbaijan Metrology Institute Cameroon 2018 -2019 Establishing a National Radon Plan for Controlling Public Exposure Due to Radon Indoors Moldova 2018 -2019 Developing a Radon Programme and Strategy Serbia 2018 -2019 Upgrading National Capabilities and Infrastructure for a Systematic Approach to Control Public Exposure to Radon South Africa 2018 -2019 Assessing Radon and Radon Mapping Regional Europe 2018 -2021 Enhancing the Regional Capacity to Control Long Term Risks to the Public due to Radon in Dwellings and Workplaces – TECDOC 1810 Status of radon related activities in Member States participating in TC programme in Europe – based on data 2014 – Follow up information was collected end of 2017 and report will be produced – Countries will be divided into groups based on their progress

Thank you!