Pronoun Agreement Chapter 17 pg 547 571 Case

Pronoun Agreement Chapter 17 pg 547 -571

Case Forms Case is the form that a noun or pronoun takes to show its relationship to other words in a sentence Nominative I, we, you, he, she, it, they Subject of verbs Objective Me, us, you, him, Her, it, them Direct objects, Indirect object, Object of prepositions Possessive My, mine, ours, Your, yours, his, Her, hers, its, their Theirs Show ownership

Practice: Ex 1 pg 548 � Identify personal pronouns and give person, number, and case � Jeffery mentioned your interest in African art and Francine’s interest in modern art. � Second person, singular/plural, possessive

Practice: Ex 1 pg 548 �Did you and she know that African masks like the one below left influenced the development of the Modernist movement in art? �You: second person, singular, nominative �She: third person, singular, nominative

Practice: Ex 1 pg 548 � I’ve learned that African carvings inspired such twentieth-century artists as Pablo Picasso, who created this painting on the right. � I: first person, singular, nominative

Practice: Ex 1 pg 548 � The year 1905 was probably when he and his friends first saw African masks exhibited in Paris. � He: third person, singular, nominative � His: third person, singular, possessive

Practice: Ex 1 pg 548 �Amedeo Modigliani was especially affected by the stark masks, and he and Picasso created many works based upon them. �He: third person, singular, nominative �Them: third person, plural, objective �You Try! Finish numbers 6 -10 on your own.

New Information � Learning Target � Students will use pronouns in the nominative case correctly. � Success �I Criteria can use my notes on nominative case pronouns to use them correctly in context.

The Nominative Case � Pronouns are used as the subjects of verbs (i. e. the subject of the sentence) or as predicate nominatives. � Generally found after the verb, they describe or rename the subject � Ms. Vander. Meer is a surprisingly good chef � Ms. Vander. Meer = chef � I, You, He, She, It, We, They

The Nominative Case �Use I, You, He, She, It, We, or They when telling whom or what the sentence or clause is about �Examples � She became an actor. � He knows that they egged the house. � Johnny and he are on the football team. � Johnny and she went on a date last week. � The date was bad, so she and Johnny broke up. � Poor Johnny.

The Nominative Case: Practice �She and I gave the dog a bath. �Terry and he plan to try out for the soccer team. �We sophomores organized the recycling campaign. �James Earl Jones and she are excellent role models for young actors. �Are you and he doing the report? �Either we or they may go to the championship finals. �The drill team and we took the bus. �The twins said that they go everywhere together.

The Nominative Case: Practice � Exercise Two page 550 � The judge and ____ studied the evidence. � The judge and she studied the evidence. � Ted and ____ took the wrong train. � Ted and he took the wrong train. � Linda and ____ are planning a party. � Linda and I are planning a party. � You do the rest!

The Nominative Case �A predicate nominative completes the meaning of a linking verb and refers to the subject of the verb. �A personal pronoun generally completes a form of the verb “be”: is, am, are, was, were, being, been. �It was he who pulled the fire alarm. �It = he �The owners of the store were they. �They = the owners

The Nominative Case: Practice �Exercise Four page 551 �Do you think it was ____? �Do you think it was she? �It must have been ____. �It must have been he. �Good friends are ____. �Good friends are they. �Your turn! Finish this exercise, then complete Review A on pages 551 -552

New Information � Learning Target � Students will use objective case pronouns correctly in context. � Success �I Criteria can use my notes on objective case pronouns to make sure I am using them correctly in context.

The Objective Case �Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them �Used as: � Direct Objects � Tells who or what receives the action � The presenter bored him and me. � Indirect � Tells Objects to whom or to what, or for whom or for what the action is done � The teacher taught us a lesson on metaphors. � Objects of a Preposition � Follows a preposition and is part of the prepositional phrase � The center passed the ball to her.

Objective Case: More Examples � Direct Object—answers who or what? � Mike met her at the fair. � Mike likes her a lot. � She left him at the bus stop where she met her boyfriend. � She kissed him while getting on the bus. � Mike saw them riding the bus to town. � Mike followed them on his bike. � Mike punched him in the face. � The police arrested Mike for assault. � The police bring him in front of a jury.

Objective Case: More Examples � Indirect Objects—answer to or for whom or what? � Mike told them his story. � The jury gave him a chance to make things right. � Mike wrote her a note telling her he was sorry. � Mike even gave her a bouquet of roses to prove it.

Objective Case: More Examples �Object of a Preposition—follows a preposition (squirrels and trees) �The flowers Mike sent to her touched her heart. �She wrote back to him saying she was sorry. �She is going to break up with her boyfriend for him. �She tells her old boyfriend to stay away from them. �Mike breaks out of prison to run away with her.

Objective Case: Examples �There were calls for Walker and us. �This message is from Dolores and her. �With Arnie and them were the Malone twins. �Margo looked toward Francine and me. �They gave copies to him and me. �This drawing is by either Hector or him. �Don’t hold this against Cho and her. �Between Vince and him sat an iguana.

Objective Case: Practice �Exercise 5 page 553 �The old sailor warned ____ about the danger. �The old sailor warned us about the danger. �The city awarded ____ its highest honor for bravery. �The city awarded them its highest honor for bravery. �Your turn! Finish this exercise and exercise 6 on page 555.

New Information � Learning Targets � Students will know when to use the possessive case. � Students will know when to use who or whom. � Success �I Criteria can use what I know about subjects and objects to determine the correct use of who/whom.

The Possessive Case �My, Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Its, Ours, Theirs �Shows ownership or possession �Sometimes can be used in the same was as nominative and objective cases � Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs � Mine is yellow. (subject) � The broken glass was his. (pred. nom. ) � Molly takes theirs out on Saturday. (dir. ob. ) � Molly gave yours a lecture on tidiness. (in. ob. ) � They brought the car to ours to be fixed. (ob. of prep. )

The Possessive Case � My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their: modify nouns and pronouns � This is my house. � Why don’t you use your own book? � Leave his cat alone. � **These can also be referred to as adjectives**

The Possessive Case: Gerunds � Gerund: verb that ends in –ing and acts like a noun � Pronouns modifying gerunds need to be in the possessive case because (technically) a gerund = a noun � Gerund DOES NOT EQUAL a present participle (verb that ends in –ing that is actually a verb or adjective) Consider these two sentences: � � Whitaker did not like the woman standing in front of him at the parade. Whitaker did not like the woman’s standing in front of him at the parade. We all supported his deciding to go into the army. We all saw him exercising daily.

Who or Whom Really Cares? � Used in a subordinate clause � Looks like a complete sentence, but doesn’t form a complete thought � Has subject and verb, doesn’t pass the “I know that” test � Nominative Case: use who, whoever � Objective Case: Use whom, whomever

We Do! � To determine whether you need to use who or whom � 1. Find the subordinate clause � Roscoe is the only student (who/whom) earned a perfect score. � 2. Find the verb � Roscoe is the only student (who/whom) earned a perfect score. � 3. Determine if the (who/whom) is functioning as a subject or an object � Roscoe is the only student who earned a perfect score. � Who is the subject of the verb earned

Who or Whom? � 1. Find the subordinate clause � Did they say (who/whom) the winner is? � 2. Find the verb � Did they say (who/whom) the winner is? � 3. Determine if the (who/whom) is acting as a subject or object � Did they say who the winner is? � Who is the subject of the verb is

Who or Whom? � 1. Find the subordinate clause �I saw Sabrina (who/whom) I know from school. � 2. Identify the verb �I saw Sabrina (who/whom) I know from school. � 3. Determine if the (who/whom) is acting as a subject or an object �I saw Sabrina, whom I know from school. �Whom is the object of the verb know

Who practices with whom? � The weatherman (who/whom) is on Channel 7 is always wrong. � The weatherman who is on Channel 7 is always wrong.

Who practices with whom? � She married a man (who/whom) she met at school. � She married a man whom she met at school.

Who practices with whom? �I know a person (who/whom) would be perfect for the part! �I know a person who would be perfect for the part! �I called the couple (who/whom) had answered the ad. �I called the couple who had answered the ad.

What Do You Notice? �Use WHO when the next word is a verb �The woman who answered the phone took my order. �Use WHOM when the next word is not a verb �The manager called in the pitcher whom they had recently acquired in a trade. �**CAUTION** sometimes adverbs can slip between WHO and the verb following! �I know a man who always drives really fast.

Your Turn! (possessive pronoun) � Complete Ex 8 and 9 pg 559 -560 � DON’T GUESS!

New Information � Learning Target � Students � Success will recognize appositive in context. Criteria � Students will use what they know about appositives to select appropriate pronouns.

Appositives � An appositive is a group of words that appears next to and re-names a noun. � The Vikings’ last game, an overall bloody battle, was extremely exciting! � Pronouns used as appositives must be in the same case as the noun to which they refer. � The late arrivals—he, she, and I—will have extra homework tonight. � The article you are reading mentions the winners, her and me.

Appositives � Sometimes it’s switched! � The pronoun “we” or “us” is sometimes followed by a noun appositive � We Vikings are not bullies. � The teacher has rewarded us students with candy. � We teachers are nice like that. PRACTICE: Review E pg 561 -562

New Information � Learning Target � Students � Success �I will recognize errors in pronoun usage. Criteria can recognize and correct problems with pronouns.

Clear Pronoun Reference �A pronoun should have a clear antecedent � Ambiguous Reference: more than one word could be the pronoun’s antecedent � Ex: I called Mrs. Anderson and Mrs. Krabill to go shopping, but she couldn’t because she had a basketball game.

Clear Pronoun Reference � General Reference: the pronoun refers to a general idea instead of a specific antecedent (it, this, that, which, such) � Ex: Mr. Lackenbucher broke his leg. That explains why he isn’t moving. � Ex: Mrs. Compo is going to dance in the lipsync again this year, which should be entertaining.

Clear Pronoun Reference � Weak Reference: the pronoun’s antecedent has been suggested, but not expressed. � Ex: My mom is an excellent quilter, and she makes them for children in neonatal units. � Ex: My sister runs marathons and she hopes to make it a permanent hobby.

Clear Pronoun Reference � Indefinite Reference: the pronoun does not refer to a specific antecedent and is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence. (it, they, you) � Ex: In the book, it says that Lennie forgets things often. � Ex: During the Great Depression, you were very lucky if you had a job.

Clear Pronoun Reference � PRACTICE! � Ex 12 pg 568 � TEST Review A, B, C pg 569 � DON’T GUESS! There are rules…follow them!