Project IEEE P 802 15 Working Group for

Project: IEEE P 802. 15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Submission Title: [Empirical Study for 802. 11 b & Bluetooth Coexistence] Date Submitted: [14 th March’ 2001] Source: [Vinay Mitter/Ivan Howitt] Company [University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee] Address[Wireless & Signal Processing Lab, PO Box 784, Milwaukee-WI-53201] Voice: [1 -414 -229 -2257], FAX: [Add FAX number], E-Mail: [mitter@uwm. edu] Re: [Empirical Study for Co-existence of 802. 11 b and Bluetooth : IEEE 802. 15 -00/00148 TG 2 ] Abstract: [Results of Empirical Study for evaluating coexistence of 802. 11 b and Bluetooth] Purpose: [To help in coexistence modeling and validate simulated results for specific scenarios ] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P 802. 15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P 802. 15. Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission

doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Empirical Study for IEEE 802. 11 b WLAN & Bluetooth Coexistence in UL Band* Vinay Mitter 1, Ivan Howitt 2, Jose Gutierrez 3 Wireless & Signal Processing Laboratory Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Department University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee PO Box 784 Milwaukee, WI 53201 1, 2 Eaton Corporation - Innovation Center Phone: (414) 229 -2247 Fax: (414) 229 -2769 Email: mitter@uwm. edu, howitt@ee. uwm. edu URL: www. uwm. edu/~howitt 3 * The work was sponsored by Eaton Corporation Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 2 submission

UWM Co-existence Research Goals doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 ä ä Insight into operation of Bluetooth and WLAN Analytical Model for BT’s Impact on 802. 11 b’s Impact on BT ä ä “Arbitrary” Coexistence Scenario Examine Coexistence Under Specific Scenario vs. Identify Scenarios Where Coexistence is Impacted Empirical Study Focus of ä Find key Parameters Presentation ä Validate Coexistence Model General Test Bed – For evaluating Coexistence between WPANs & WLANs Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 3 submission

Issues -Addressed : 802. 11 b & BT doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 802. 11 b Packets ä ä Impact on Network Performance Pr[C] Collision Probability, i. e, event resulting in packet retransmission ä Time 1 MHz ä Frequency ä Relative Power Frequency 20 MHz BT Packets time Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 4 submission Collision

Empirical Study - Outline doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 ä ä ä Insight 802. 11 & BT Operations Evaluating key parameters Issue Addressed - Effect of co channel & adjacent channel interference (BT on 802. 11) ä To evaluate co-existence for Specific Scenarios ä To evaluate Measures of performances for One on One TG 2 scenarios Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 5 submission

Test Bed - Block Diagram doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Tx/Rx Intersil HWB 3163 PRISM II IEEE 802. 11 b 3 d. B Power Adder & Splitters 802. 11 b Rx 802. 11 b Tx BT Rx BT Tx Ericsson ROK 101 007 Bluetooth Modules Variable Attenuator (0 -80 d. B, 1 d. B) Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission

Empirical Study - BT Impact on 802. 11 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 BT AP Frequency STA time submission J/S required to cause packet retransmission J/S = -10 d. B Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 7

Analytical & Empirical - Jamming Suppression doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 ä Analytical Model ä ä ä Empirical ä ä ä Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 8 submission 802. 11 DS/SS CW Interference HP - BT Signal Generator Estimated expected packet error rate exceeded 8%

S/J Threshold for E[PER] > 8 % doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Empirical Results for S/J ü Vs Frequency offset ü Vs 802. 11 b data rates for E[PER]> 8% “ E[PER] : Expected Packet Error Rate” Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 9 submission

Empirical Study – 802. 11 b Impact on BT doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 S (BT) I (802. 11 b) 15 E[PER] Residual Frequency S/J ( f offset ) d. B 10 5 0 E[PER]>8% -5 -10 E[PER]>20% -15 Power Maximum measured S/J for expected packet Packet error rate -20 -250 5 f 10 offset 15 MHz Threshold S/J(max) versus f offset for the BT DH 1 packet with 802. 11 b interference Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission 20

Analytical & Empirical – Jamming Suppression doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Non Hopping 5 0 Numerical -5 JS (f) -10 -15 Empirical -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 JS(f) : Jamming Suppression for BT Receiver for 802. 11 b Interference as a function of foffset -45 -50 0 Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission 5 f 10 15 offset MHz 20

E [ PER ] for Various BT ACL Types doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 S (Bluetooth) in d. Bm at foffset = 0 100 90 dh 3 I ( 802. 11 b) in d. Bm 11 Mbps E[PER] % 80 dm 5 70 dh 1 60 50 40 30 dm 3 dm 1 20 10 foffset 0 6 8 10 submission 14 S/J ( at foffset =0 ) d. B E [PER] : Expected Packet Error Rate Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -- 12 16

Residual BER for Various BT ACL types doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 S (Bluetooth) in d. Bm at foffset = 0 I ( 802. 11 b) in d. Bm 11 Mbps Residual BER % 1. 5 dh 1 dm 3 1 dh 3 0. 5 dm 1 dm 5 0 6 foffset Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission 8 10 12 14 S/J ( f offset ) d. B 16

Empirical Study for Specific Scenarios doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Goals : üEvaluate co-existence for : ü IEEE 802. 11 b Interference on Bluetooth ü Blue tooth Interference on 802. 11 b üValidate Simulated and Analytical Models Outline : üEmpirical Test Methodology üScenario Test Overview ü 802. 11 b on BT ü BT on 802. 11 b üResults üScope of tests Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission

Test Methodology - Specific Scenarios doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Inputs : ü Packet size ü Packet Delay ü Data Rate Outputs : ü PER ü Throughput 802. 11 b Rx 802. 11 b Tx BT Rx BT Tx Variable Attenuator (0 -80 d. B, 1 d. B) x d. B = Path Loss in d. B Inputs : üPacket Type üPacket Delay üNos of Packets submission Output : ü Residual BER ü Nos of Packets lost ü Residual PER ü Total PER Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter --

Scenarios Test Overview for BT on 802. 11 b doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 q. Bluetooth ( FH ‘Interfere I’ ) ü HV 1 Packets q 802. 11 b ( DSSS Desired Signal ‘S’) ü Packet Payload 1000 Bytes ü ü Pkt Delay 1 No RTS / CTS , No Retransmissions, Fixed Transmitted Data Rate (11 Mbps), Number of Trials / Packets : 1 X 106 numbers q Measure of Performance : Probability of Packet Loss : represents the number of packets lost/in error divided by the total number of packets sent Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission

Packet Loss : BT on 802. 11 b doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 802. 11 Access Point (0, 15) 50 25 mw Total Packet Loss for 802. 11 b with BT Interference 45 40 BT HV 1 WLAN Station (0, d) BT Master(1, 0) Tx power 0 d. Bm PER % 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 BT Slave(0, 0) Tx Power 0 d. Bm 0 0 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 Using propagation model as suggested by TG 2 “Kammerman Model(IEEE 802. 11 00/162)” Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission 3. 5 4 4. 5 5 Distance of WLAN station from BT slave in mtrs 5. 5 6

Scenarios Test Overview for 802. 11 b on BT doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 q 802. 11 b ‘DSSS’ ü Packet Payload ( 1000 Bytes ) üPkt Delay 1 ü No RTS/CTS , No Retransmissions, Fixed Transmitted Data Rate (11 Mbps), No ACK q. Bluetooth (Frequency Hopping) ü Different ACL packets DM 1, DM 3, DM 5 & DH 1 q Measures of Performance : ü Probability of Packet loss : Represents the number of packets lost divided by the total number of packets sent ‘or’ It represents scenario where packet has to be retransmitted. Packet Loss is sum of Packets with errors in CAC or header & packets where bits are in error after applying error correction if applicable ü Residual BER : % age Bits in error in received packets Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission

Packet Loss : 802. 11 b on Bluetooth doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 802. 11 Interferer (0, d) 25 mw BT Slave Receiver 7 meters Probability of Packet Loss (0, 0) BT Master 0 d. Bm (0, 7) Total Packet Loss for BT with 802. 11 b Interference 0. 65 0. 60 0. 55 0. 50 0. 45 0. 40 0. 35 0. 30 0. 25 0. 20 0. 15 1 DM 5 DM 3 DH 1 DM 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 3. 5 4 4. 5 5 5. 5 Distance of BT slave from WLAN source in mtrs Using propagation model as suggested by TG 2 “Kammerman Model(IEEE 802. 11 00/162)” Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission

Residual BER : 802. 11 b on Bluetooth doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Res. BER for BT in Presence of 802. 11 b BT Master (0, 7) BT Slave (0, 0) 7 meters Residual BER % 802. 11 Interferer (0, d) 7 6. 5 DM 5 6 5. 5 5 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 1. 5 1 0. 5 DM 1 0 1 1. 5 DM 3 2 2. 5 3 3. 5 4 4. 5 5 5. 5 Distance of Bluetooth Slave from WLAN source Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission

Relating Empirical Results to Scenarios doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 ä Fixed RF Environment ä ä ä Single Scenario Variations 802. 11 Interferer Variations in RF Environment ä ä Shadowing Impact on Scenario Key Issue “S/I at the System Under Test” BT Tx @ (0, x) “SIR provides link for evaluating performance - Independent of Specific Scenario” Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 21 submission 5 m

Coexistence for Multiple Topologies doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 Res BER for BT DM 1 in presence of 802. 11 b 5 m 2 0. 2 4 6 8 0. 6 Res BER < 0. 1 10 0. 8 12 1 14 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 3. 5 4 4. 5 Distance of BT transmitter from BT receiver (m) BT Transmitter (0, x) Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -submission 0. 4 Res BER>0. 3 5 1. 2 Residual BER % 802. 11 Interferer Distance of 802. 11 interfere from BT Receiver (m) 0

RF Propagation doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 ä Expected Path Loss ä ä ä Shadowing ä ä ä Attenuation for Tx to Rx separation, d Installation dependent Attenuation variation, independent of, d Installation dependent Coexistence ä Desired Rx & Interference Rx Scenario Dependent Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 23 submission

Empirical Results Summary doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 ä Empirical Measurements ä Key Parameters ä Jamming Suppressing Vs Frequency Offset ä 802. 11 b on BT & BT on 802. 11 b ä One on One Scenarios ä 802. 11 b on BT ä BT on 802. 11 b ä Mapping Empirical Results into Arbitrary one on one scenario ä SIR for desired MOP Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 24 submission

Additional References doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -01/148 TG 2 ä ä ä Ivan Howitt, “WLAN and WPAN Coexistence in UL Band, ” In Review, Transactions on Vehicular Technology. Ivan Howitt, “Bluetooth Performance in the Presence of 802. 11 b WLAN, ” In Review, JSAC. Ivan Howitt, Vinay Mitter, Jose Gutierrez, “Empirical Study for IEEE 802. 11 and Bluetooth Interoperability, ” IEEE Fall, Rhodes’ 2001. Ivan Howitt, “IEEE 802. 11 and Bluetooth Coexistence Analysis Methodology, ” IEEE VTC Fall, Rhodes 2001. Vinay Mitter, Ivan Howitt , Jose Gutierrez, ” Empirical Study for performance analysis of Blue tooth in presence of WLAN Interference, ”In Review IEEE VTC Spring 2001 Ivan Howitt, Vinay Mitter “ Analytical Tools for Evaluating Coexistence in UL Band ” IEEE 802. 15 -01/032 r 0 Ivan Howitt/Vinay Mitter -2/28/2021 - 25 submission