Period 4 1800 1848 The Revolution of 1800

Period 4 1800 -1848

The Revolution of 1800 • The election of Thomas Jefferson • Bitter partisan conflict • Jefferson successfully placed into office: What did that prove? • Barbary pirates • Judiciary Act of 1801 • What changes did Jefferson make to the federalist policies established by John Adams?

Jefferson and the West • The Louisiana Purchase 1803 • What effect did the Louisiana purchase have on Jefferson’s interpretation of the Constitution? • What new political problems did the acquisition of Louisiana bring? • Secessionist schemes • Aaron Burr • New England federalists • Lewis and Clark Meet the Mandans and the Sioux • Mandans, Small pox 1801 -1802

The War of 1812 • Napoleonic Wars • What political and economic effects did the Napoleonic Wars have on the United States? • The Embargo of 1807 • How successful was the Embargo of 1807? • Western War hawks • Tecumseh, The prophet • Prophetstown • The Battle of Tippecanoe

The War of 1812 • Officially, why did the United States declare war? • How was the United States divided regionally over the war of 1812? • How did Federalists in Congress who represented the New England Middle Atlantic merchants show their lack of support for the war in the election of 1812? • Describe some of the initial battles of the war and their significance • What occurred in August 1814? • What was hero emerged after US victories in the southwest?

The War of 1812 • The Hartford Convention • The Federalists could only prevail if the war went badly • The Battle of Fort Mc. Henry • The Battle of New Orleans • The Treaty of Ghent

Thomas Jefferson and the Marshall Court • John Marshall of Virginia • Supreme Court Justice • What were three judicial principles established by Marshall? • Marbury vs. Madison 1803 • Fletcher vs. Peck 1810 • Mc. Culloch vs. Maryland 1819 • Dartmouth vs. Woodward 1819 • Gibbons vs. Ogden 1824

The Diplomacy of John Quincy Adams • Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 • Monroe Doctrine 1823 • Why did the Federalists steadily lose ground to the Republicans?

The Capitalist Commonwealth • Neomercantilism • Per capital increased by more than 1 percent a year- more than 30 percent in a single generation • Banking charter expired in 1811; Jefferson did not renew it • How did newly established state banks hurt the economy after the charter of the FBUS was cancelled? Why? • Panic of 1819 • Post war economic drop- reduced demand for cotton • US drained of vital specie • Wildcat banks foreclosed on farms in the west

The Jacksonian Impact • Jackson’s legacy is complex and rich • The Taney Court 1835 -1864 • Roger B Taney appointed in 1835 would undermine the constitutional jurisprudence of John Marshall • Partially reversed the nationalist and vested property rights decisions • Gave constitutional legitimacy to Jackson’s policies of states rights and free enterprise • Charles River Bridge Co vs. Warren Bridge Co. (1837) • By limiting the property claims of existing canal and turnpike companies legislatures were allowed to charter competing railroads that would provide cheaper and more efficient transportation

Taney Court • Mayor New York vs. Miln (1837) • New York state could use it’s “police power” to inspect the health of arriving immigrants • Briscoe vs. Bank of Kentucky (1837) • Justices allowed a bank owned by the state of Kentucky to issue currency despite the wording of Article I of Section 10 of the Consitution which prohibits states from issuing, “bills of credit”

Increasing states rights • States revise their Constitutions • Classical liberalism, laissez-faire • Small government • The rise of the Democracy and Jackson’s presidency sparked the creation in the mid 1830’s of a second national party, the Whigs • For the next two decades Whigs and Democrats competed fiercely for votes and appealed to different cultural groups

Whig Worldview • Henry Clay • American System

Calhoun’s Dissent • What were the ideological differences between Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun? • Why are those differences significant in relation to events occurring in period 4? • What connections could be made between these themes in period 4 and 5?

Labor politics and the Depression • Democrats and Whigs faced challenges from urban artisans and workers • Between 1828 and 1833 Working Men’s Parties were formed in 15 states • “Past experience teaches us that we have nothing to hope from the aristocratic orders of society” • The new parties agenda reflected the values and interests of ordinary urban workers

Labor Politics and the Depression of 18371843 • Depression of 1837 -1843 • Bank of England sharply curtailed the flow of money and credit to the United States; Britain was drained of specie • Run on gold and silver • To stimulate the economy banks invested in railroads and canals • As governments issues more and more bonds to fund these ventures they couldn’t afford to pay the interest on the bonds • 9 state governments defaulted on their debts

Labor Politics and the Depression of 18371843 • By 1843 canal construction had dropped by 90% • Prices and wages had fallen by 50% • Unemployment reached 20% • Bumper crops drove down cotton prices • Surplus of unemployed workers led to an ultimate disappearance of labor movements • Who did Americans blame for the depression of 1837 -1843?

Blame for the Depression • Many Americans blamed the democrats • Criticized Jackson and Van Buren • Specie Circular- executive order that required the treasury department to accept only gold and silver in payment for lands in the national domain • Van Buren refused to revoke the specie circular • Worse, the Independent Treasury Act of 1840 pulled federal specie out of Jackson’s pet banks and placed it in government vaults

Tippecanoe and Tyler Too! • The Whigs exploited Van Buren’s weaknesses • Organized their first national convention in 1840 • William Henry Harrison of Ohio and John Tyler of Virginia • Why was it called the great, “log cabin campaign”? • Campaigning • Whigs boosted their electoral hopes by welcoming women to campaign festivities

Mexican-American War • 5 w’s • James K Polk • Manifest Destiny and Expansionism • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • What were the political and economic consequences of this war?