Performance of CO 2 Dry Cleaning with Cavitation

Performance of CO 2 Dry Cleaning with Cavitation Stevia Sutanto Singapore; 25 September 2020 Dr. -Ing. habil. Victoria Dutschk Dr. ir. M. J. E. van Roosmalen Prof. dr. G. J. Witkamp 1

Presentation outline • Introduction conventional process, CO 2 dry cleaning • Method material, set-up, process conditions • Results and discussion washing results • Conclusions 25 September 2020 2

Conventional process Tetrachloroethylene/perchloroethylene/PERC BANNED in California by 2023! 25 September 2020 Introduction 3 Methods Results Conclusions

Why CO 2? ü Tunable properties ü Recyclable ü Safe ü Abundant ü Cheap ü No drying required Performance • non-particulate soil: comparable • particulate soil removal: low less mechanical action Main objective 25 September 2020 Introduction 4 Methods Results Conclusions

CO 2 Phase Diagram Operating condition: 50 bars, 283 K 25 September 2020 Introduction 5 Methods Results Conclusions

Material & analysis • Soil motor oil/soot and sebum (WFK, Germany) • Textile cotton, polyester, polycotton, wool • Cleanability and redeposition level: Soil Additional Density (SAD) scanner Cleanability (Г) and redeposition level (RL) • Additives Clip. COO detergent (Kreussler, Germany) a: monitor before washing b: monitor after washing c: reference before washing d: reference after washing 25 September 2020 Introduction 6 Methods Results Conclusions

CO 2 dry-cleaning set-up 25 September 2020 Introduction 7 Methods Results Conclusions

Process conditions Parameter Value Unit Temperature 285 K Pressure 47 bar Washing time 60 minute Amount of CO 2 0. 7 L 60 24, 5 180 rpm k. Hz W Mechanical action: Bubbling Stirrer Ultrasound transducer 25 September 2020 Introduction 8 Methods Results Conclusions

Observation of bubbling a b c d e 25 September 2020 Introduction f g 9 Methods Results Conclusions

Mechanical action on cleanability (motor oil/soot) bubbling 25 September 2020 Introduction 10 Methods Results Conclusions

Mechanical action on redeposition level (motor oil/soot) bubbling 25 September 2020 Introduction 11 Methods Results Conclusions

Mechanical action on cleanability (sebum) bubbling 25 September 2020 Introduction 12 Methods Results Conclusions

Mechanical action on redeposition level (sebum) bubbling 25 September 2020 Introduction 13 Methods Results Conclusions

Clip. COO detergent on cleanability (motor oil/soot) bubbling with Clip. COO 25 September 2020 Introduction 14 Methods Results Conclusions

Clip. COO detergent on redeposition level (motor oil/soot) bubbling with Clip. COO 25 September 2020 Introduction 15 Methods Results Conclusions

Conclusions • The best washing results are achieved simply by bubbling without using any additional energy sources. • There is no need to add Clip. COO detergent since it does not improve the washing results. • The washing performance of CO 2 is lower (<50%) than that of PER. 25 September 2020 Introduction 16 Methods Results Conclusions

Acknowledgement • • • EFSM – Twente University Process Equipment – TU Delft Feyecon Carbon Dioxide Technologies Unilever Kreussler STW Thank you for your attention! 25 September 2020 17