Ottawa Mandarin School Adult Class 2012 13 Instructor

Ottawa Mandarin School Adult Class 2012 -13 Instructor: Daniel C. Lee Week 02: September 22, 2012 • Pronunciation • • Pinyin Zhuyin 1

Review of tones • • • 1234 4321 1313 3131 2424 4242 11 11 111 22 22 222 44 44 444 33 33 333 (23 23 323) • • • 44 12 131 11 23 422 11 24 214 44 11 442 12 24 321 13 12 242 34 21 224 11 34 421 141 434 1132 1111 1 13 1 2

Review WHAT 什麼 WHERE 什麼地方 WHEN 什麼時候 WHY 為什麼 HOW 怎麼 哪裡 Next week: Pronunciation (Pinyin) 4

Pronunciation 發音 • Mainland Chinese uses Pinyin (拼音) based on Roman characters. • Before the Communist regime invented Pinyin, there was Zhuyin (注音), which is based on independent symbols. • Pinyin is easy for Roman-character-based foreign language users, but it has inevitable pitfalls due on the limited number of Roman characters. You will encounter – the same Roman letter pronounced in multiple ways (i, e, u, etc. ) – mismatch of usual pronunciation (q, x, ch, sh, etc. ) 5

Pinyin Consonants that are pronounced similarly as in English: b, p, m, f, d, t, n*, l, g, k, h j, r, s y, w Note: Not all pinyin “n” is the English n. 6

Pinyin - easily confused consonants q = ch X = sh (very flat) zh = dr ch = tr z = tz(ds) c = ts China, Chinese, chore, chance, chicken She, ship, sheet, shore, shoot drive, dry, drill, draw, dream, drink train, tragic, try, trick, tree, trouble friends, beads, stands, finds, understands students, bits, sits, loots, hates, bites 7

Pinyin - easily confused consonants sh = no such sound in English Think in line of zh (dr) and ch (tr). Let the air out without any funny vibration in your mouth. 8

Pinyin – easy vowels a ai ao an ang = aah Ah, dark, mark, bark, yard, tar, jar = ai* = au = aang pai ( ), dice, like, line, nice, Einstein tau( ), foul, rout, about, shout Ah, dark, mark, bark, yard, tar, jar pai ( ), dice, like, line, nice, Einstein 10

Pinyin – easy vowels ei er o ou = ay = er = o(short) = o(long) pay, day, lake, quake, fade mister, eraser, later, officer, racer dot, mock, hot, lock, fought alphabat “O” 11

Pinyin – confusing vowels e e en eng =e bet, net, jet, leg, egg, let, their, messy =e = eng the, little, fiddle, middle, sizes, prizes bitten, quicken, chicken, kitchen, fasten no such words in English Think of bitteng, quicken, chickeng, etc. 12

Pinyin – confusing vowels i i u u/v = ee =x = oo(long) =ü bee, tea, deed, meat, lease, feet No such thing! loose, tooth, loot, truth No such sound in English Common in other European languages 13

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones b (ㄅ) ba, bai, ban, bao, bang bei, beng bi, bian, biao, bie, bing bo* (pronunced more similar to buo) bu 15

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones c (ㄘ) = ts ca, cai, can, cao, cang cen, ceng ci* cong cu, cui, cuo 16

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones ch (ㄔ) = tr cha, chai, chan, chao, chang che, cheng chou, chong chu, chuan, chuen, chui, chuo 17

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones d (ㄉ) da, dai, dan, dao, dang de, dei, deng di, dian, diao, die, diu, ding du, duan, duen, dui, duo 18

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones f (ㄈ) fa, fang fei, feng fo, fong fu 19

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones g (ㄍ) ga, gai, gan, gao, gang ge, gei, gen, beng gou, gong gu, guan, gui, guo 20

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones h (ㄏ) ha, hai, han, hao, hang he, hei, heng hou, hong hu, huan, hui, huo 21

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones j (ㄐ) ji, jian, jiao, jie, jiu, jing jiong (in zhuyin, ㄐㄩㄥ or “juong”) jü (ㄩ, not ㄨ), juan, jue (all ü, not u) 22

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones k (ㄎ) ka, kai, kan, kao, kang ke, keng kou, kong ku, kuan, kui, kuo 23

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones l (ㄌ) la, lai, lan, lao, lang le, lei, leng li, lian, liao, lie, liu, ling lou, long lu, luan, lue(ㄩㄝ), luo 24

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones m (ㄇ) ma, mai, man, mao, mang mei, meng (southern accent: mong) mi, mian, miao, mie, ming mo, mou mu, muo 25

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones n (ㄋ) na, nai, nan, nao, nang ne, nei, neng *ni, *nian, *niu, *ning nong nu, nuan, nuo 26

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones p (ㄆ) pa, pai, pan, pao, pang pei, peng pi, pian, piao, pie, ping po* (pronunced more similar to puo) pu p. s. compare p with b (the vowels that go with them are exactly identical) 27

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones q (ㄑ) = ch qi, qian, qiao, qian, qiu, qing qiong qü (ㄩ, not ㄨ), quan, que (all ü, not u) 28

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones r (ㄖ) ran, rao, rang re, reng rou, rong ru, ruan, rui, ruo 29

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones s (ㄙ) sa, sai, san, sao, sang se, seng si* sou, song su, suan, suen, sui, suo 30

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones sh (ㄕ) sha, shai, shao, shang she, shei, sheng shi* shou shu, shuan, shuen, shui, shuo 31

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones t (ㄊ) ta, tai, tan, tao, tang te, teng ti, tian, tiao, tie, ting tu, tuan, tuen, tui, tuo 32

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones w(v) (ㄨ) wa (wua), wai, wang wei, wen (wuen), weng wo, wong wu, wui 33

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones x (ㄒ) = sh xi, xian, xiao, xie, xiu, xing xiong (xuong) xü (ㄩ, not ㄨ), xuan, xue (all ü, not u) 34

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones y (ㄧ) ya, yai, yao, yang ye* yü, yuan, yue (all ü) 35

Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones z (ㄗ) = tz za, zai, zan, zao, zang ze, zeng zi* zou, zong zu, zuan, zuen, zui, zuo 36