Oral Communication and Written Communication http www zzone

Oral Communication and Written Communication http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享

1. Oral Communication • Many-layer Design VS Cutting-to-the. Core Strategy – It took me a long while to learn the [Chinese] custom of starting with a little polite palaver, then sliding up to the problem and circumlocuting all around it, before actually identifying it and diffidently suggesting a solution… I considered it pussy -footing, over-emphasizing the saving of face, a fear of coming to grips with conflict. (messy and lack of precision) – A discourse should begin with a thesis or preview statement which provides the overall direction (aggressive and rude) http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享

2. Intuitive Apparentness VS Explicitness • Feeling inside can be intuitively apparent and do not need to be, or can not be, articulated…on the rare occasion when they have to air their views, they will present only subtle suggestions instead of giving an explicit declaration (vague) • Feeling inside are not to be intuitively grasped and understood, but to be clearly verbalized and discussed (facethreatening) http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享

3. Indeterminacy VS Definite Conclusion • I have been struck in conversation with Chinese by the way in which, in evolving a particular idea, they also take into account facts that are at variance with or contradict it. They will examine a case from every angle, but avoid any hasty, definite conclusion, preferring to confine themselves to any one sided idea. (inefficiency and elusiveness) • Americans believes that asserting themselves to in favor of or against other’s opinion helps communicators clarify the dispute and thus reach an agreement. ( aggressive and illmannered) http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享

4. Written Communication • The relative Writer & Reader Responsibility – The problem of how much responsibility the writer in fact assumes, and what sort of shared knowledge can in fact be assumed to exist in a situation in which a writer is composing in a language not his or her own – http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享

–Japanese writing (reader -responsibility); English writing (writerresponsibility); Chinese writing (readerresponsibility to writerresponsibility) http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享

• English writer see themselves as heavily responsible to the reader; it is their task to make explicit from the very beginning what they are talking about and where they are going; it is their responsibility to salt their texts with ample lexical and discoursal signals to facilitate the reader’s following in their tracks; it is their responsibility to conclude formally by reiterating the argument and summarizing the main points. • Use their own words in their own ways, avoid repetition of others http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享

• In Chinese, writers feel little responsibility to make themselves unambiguously understood; It is readers that shoulder the responsibility to sort out what the writers are talking. • writer’s expectations that a reader has the personal imagination and resourcefulness to work out a thought translates into respect for the reader’s receptivity and participatory ability in fleshing out meaning…the reader is expected to grasp an understanding from the writer’s skilled accretion of detailed imagery http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享

• Absorption of a vast number of set phrases, proverbs, maxims and pieces of folklore; imitation of the style of the famous people (Flowery, trite, cliches-ridden and stealing) http: //www. zzone. cn　 中国. 中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享