OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATION EMORY COUGHLINTARVAS EE 4611 4142017 INTRODUCTION

OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATION EMORY COUGHLIN-TARVAS EE 4611 4/14/2017

INTRODUCTION • What is optical integration • Some problems that we face • Importance • Elements • Applications • Summary • References • 5 key points

PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (PIC) • Integrated circuits with optic and electronic components • Made by Photolithography and other new forms of integration • Materials used • • Lithium Niobate Gallium Arsenide Indium Phosphide Silica on Silicon

WHAT’S THE POINT? •

PHOTON VS ELECTRON • Photon • • • Electron Small interaction between photons • Propagate outside the medium and for longer distances Larger interaction between electrons • Propagate only inside or on the material

Fiber (Silica) Metallic Wire (Copper) Material Si. O 2 Cu Loss Low High Speed High Low Bandwidth High Low Size Small Weight Very Light Interference/Noise Low High Cost Very Cheap

WHAT IS ON A PIC CHIP? • Unlike electronic integrated circuits, there is no primary device • Waveguides • Power Splitters • Optical Amplifiers • Lasers • Detectors

WAVEGUIDES • Three types • • • Planar Linear Cylindrical

INTEGRATED LASERS • Types: • • Advantages: Gas Solid-State Semiconductor • VCSEL • • Compact Low power consumption High-Speed Modulation Tunable

PROBLEM WITH PIC’S TODAY • These elements require a variety of integration techniques and materials • Feature size is large • Integration density is low • Expensive • Software is not powerful enough to test yet

APPLICATIONS • Fiber-Optic communications • Biomedical • Photonic computing • Big data computing

INTEL • The only fully integrated silicon photonics solution with Intel's hybrid laser technology • 100 Gigabits per second • Wanting to get to 400 Gbps in the future http: //www. intel. com/content/www/us/en/architecture-andtechnology/silicon-photonicsoverview. html

SUMMARY • There are many benefits to using optical elements including low power consumption and high speeds • The problems we are running into so far are that it is too expensive to make and try at this point • As of right now optoelectronics are mostly used in communications

RESOURCES • http: //www. intel. com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/siliconphotonics/silicon-photonics-overview. html • • http: //ieeexplore. ieee. org/stamp. jsp? arnumber=1073053 • • https: //www. elprocus. com/optoelectronics-devices-with-their-applications/ http: //boya. xmu. edu. cn/Int. OW/OEICs. pdf http: //ieeexplore. ieee. org/document/6886968/ https: //books. google. com/books? id=Ggk. XWZPAD 4 YC&pg=PA 1&lpg=PA 1&dq=opto electronic+integrated+circuit+reasons&source=bl&ots=Up. Zm. GJg 4 O 7&sig=4 Sn 4 z 1 w 5 b. GK 2 JTI 6 qkc 6 QG 5 k. X 4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwj. Nx 7_K 5 uj. SAh. WJg 1 QKHZi 3 Bjo. Q 6 AEIPDAE#v=onepage&q&f=false https: //www. Wikipedia. com

5 KEY CONCEPTS • Speed and efficiency is high, also made with cheap and light materials. • Hard to physically make because of technological barriers. • Used in many fields including communications, computing, biomedical, and power systems. • Fiber optics have low loss and cause minimal noise • They can be used at high frequencies with high bandwidth