Near Threshold Resonances and their Role in Hadron

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Near Threshold Resonances and their Role in Hadron Physics B. K. Jain, MU-DAE Centre

Near Threshold Resonances and their Role in Hadron Physics B. K. Jain, MU-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences University of Mumbai, Mumbai • a+x system • E ma+mx [K. E. =0], Resonance threshold low kinetic energy the dynamics gets greatly enhanced, acquiring far reaching consequence.

(classic example) production of life essential element 12 C in Helium Burning in stars

(classic example) production of life essential element 12 C in Helium Burning in stars Hoyle state 0+, 7. 65, excites state in 12 C, close to 8 Be+a threshold Fusion of 3 a’s is highly suppressed at stellar temp. but for some coincidences in nature. Hoyle state -84. 5 -84. 8 -56. 6 a+a (8 x 10 -17 sec) 0+, 7. 65 2+, 4. 41 -56. 5 8 Be a+a+a 8 Be+a 12 C

Interactions of special interest : N, near N threshold K-p, below K-p threshold ~

Interactions of special interest : N, near N threshold K-p, below K-p threshold ~ 1490 Me. V G~150 N*(1535) S 11 ½- , 1/2 ~ 1432 Me. V G~50 *(1405) - K p N ~ 600 Me. V Strangeness ½- , -1 (1115) ½+ uds N(938) ½+, 1/2 Question: udu/d Both interactions mediated by the “Doorway” states & are attractive. N*(1535) for N (1405) for K-p Do these interactions produce -Nucleus and K--Nucleus bound states ?

Search for (quasi) bound /K --nucleus states, Experimental, and Theoretical -Nucleus Experimental Strategy 1.

Search for (quasi) bound /K --nucleus states, Experimental, and Theoretical -Nucleus Experimental Strategy 1. Pfeiffer et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2004 g +3 He p+ 0 +x N threshold 0 N N 2. Search for η-mesic nuclei in a recoil-free transfer reaction, BARC & COSY Collaboration : Phys. Rev. C 79, 012201(R), 2009. p+27 Al 3 - He+p+ +24 Mg S 11 410 Me. V N threshold

Photoproduction of -Mesic 3 He, TAPS Collab. , Mainz Facility, MAMI g+3 He +

Photoproduction of -Mesic 3 He, TAPS Collab. , Mainz Facility, MAMI g+3 He + 3 He +p 0 x Eg = threshold – 820 Me. V Sees - 3 He mesic state near threshold p p S 11 0 E =(-4. 4+-4. 2) Me. V, G=(25. 6+-6. 1)Me. V

d p 3 He q~0, recoiless A-2 3 He detection with 4 -momentum transfer,

d p 3 He q~0, recoiless A-2 3 He detection with 4 -momentum transfer, w 2 –q 2 ~ m 2. • • 3 He detected in coincidence with p and -. N threshold 0 N N S 11 410 Me. V N threshold

(-13 +/- 5) Me. V Hadron Workshop, Aligarh, 2008

(-13 +/- 5) Me. V Hadron Workshop, Aligarh, 2008

 - 3 He-mesic state: Theoretical Search dd(E) Dt(E)=(h/2 ) --d. E

- 3 He-mesic state: Theoretical Search dd(E) Dt(E)=(h/2 ) --d. E

 • N G Kelkar, K. Khemchandani and B. K. Jain, J. Phys. G:

• N G Kelkar, K. Khemchandani and B. K. Jain, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 32 (2006) L 19 -L 26. NGK, PRL 99 (2007) Review article, Reports on Progress in Physics, 2013, in press; NGK, KK, NJUpadhyay, BKJ

- K p , T=0 s-wave state (1405) - 28 Me. V K p

- K p , T=0 s-wave state (1405) - 28 Me. V K p Threshold (1405) ~ 50 Me. V 103 - i. e K p system in T=0 state has a s-wave quasi-bound state (1405), T=0, Spin ½ , Strangeness -1, B. E. =27 Me. V, G = 50 Me. V K - p p K- ? p migration of Kbetween 2 protons, a la Heitler-London Hydrogen Molecules.

- K - Do strongly bound, compact “K- pp” modules form in Nuclei? Experimentally,

- K - Do strongly bound, compact “K- pp” modules form in Nuclei? Experimentally, Answer seems YES e. K+ K- F e+ F-Factory DAFNE, Frascati p target recoil FINUDA Measurements: 1. p Invariant mass distribution, 2. p Angular correlation.

Mass Shifted M p 100 Me. V K + pp p M(“K pp”) -

Mass Shifted M p 100 Me. V K + pp p M(“K pp”) - M(K pp ) M p M(K pp ) is free mass. Red arrow in the figure. 13 13

Experimental Observation: FINUDA Collaboration PRL 94, 212303(2005) PANIC 08 @ Eilat, Israel 08. 11.

Experimental Observation: FINUDA Collaboration PRL 94, 212303(2005) PANIC 08 @ Eilat, Israel 08. 11. 13 K + A p + X A can be 6 Li, 7 Li, 12 C, 27 Al and 51 V Back to Back Emission Opening angle distribution between a and a proton: solid line, 6 Li, 7 Li, and 12 C; dashed line, 27 Al and 51 V. The shaded area ( cos Lab < -0. 8) is selected as the back-to-back event.

Experimental binding energies , widths E [Me. V] Г [Me. V] Kpp FINUDA /

Experimental binding energies , widths E [Me. V] Г [Me. V] Kpp FINUDA / INFN 110(10) Kpp DISTO / GSI 103(8) 118(18) Kppn ? ? 67(15)

- Search for (quasi) bound K states, Strongly bound states of K-nucleus -protons Theoretical:

- Search for (quasi) bound K states, Strongly bound states of K-nucleus -protons Theoretical: Inputs 1. p-p interaction, very well known 2. K-p interaction 1. Phenomenological, obtained by reproducing (28 Me. V) of (1405). Yamazaki-Akaishi, Dote 2. c. PT potential 3. K matrix : Λ(1405) ~ 1410 Me. V Dalitz, A. Martin, B Martin , Sakitt B. E.

Theoretical K- --pp, np The potentials for K-p and K-n systems Vk- p =

Theoretical K- --pp, np The potentials for K-p and K-n systems Vk- p = -360 exp(-ar)/r Me. V, T=0, 1 Vk -n = -30 exp(-ar)/r Me. V, = 1 1/a = 0. 5 fm. Variational MC Cal. rms <d>~3. 8 fm K- -Np BKJ, N Upadhyay, Shoeb Mohmd. Jr. of Physics: CR, 374 (2012) 1

„Kpp” state calculations EBINDING Г ~ 35 - 105 ~ 40 - 90 Me.

„Kpp” state calculations EBINDING Г ~ 35 - 105 ~ 40 - 90 Me. V Calculations : Yamazaki-Akaishi, Dote –Weise, Hyodo-Weise, Schevchenko et al. , Ikeda-Sato, Green- S. W.

Alternatively: l l l Final State Interaction Rearrangement of and p energy, momentum due

Alternatively: l l l Final State Interaction Rearrangement of and p energy, momentum due to its Knock Out collision with a proton in the recoiling nucleus. ’ Tp ~ 170 Me. V p l N S Wall and P R Roos, Phys. Rev. 150 (1966)811

Pandejee, Upadhyay and Jain A Calculation of FSI Effect K - A p X

Pandejee, Upadhyay and Jain A Calculation of FSI Effect K - A p X Phys. Rev. C 82 (2010)034608 = Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

Double Pole Expt. ‘ (1405)’ Twist Strong Interplay between - - K p &

Double Pole Expt. ‘ (1405)’ Twist Strong Interplay between - - K p & (1405) Threshold - Kp Kp Pole 1433 T=0 (Me. V) Resonance, T=0 12 28 channels Me. V Consequence : VK-p(T=0, 12) << VK-p(T=0, 28) : though not unique - K pp B. E. goes down ~ 100 40 Me. V - What about the exptl. obs. on K pp p reaction !!

et al

et al

Characteristics of the A(K-, p )X Reaction 1. Surface localized. 2. p and go

Characteristics of the A(K-, p )X Reaction 1. Surface localized. 2. p and go back to back. Kpp 3. Kpp interaction region localized in a very small volume. Relative p momenta, a measure of this extention, ~ 1 Ge. V/c, p Hence the interaction vertex H(Kpp) does not change much over the range of measured p invariant mass. p q dwabs (p, ) = gabs (q) G (Q) Q Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

= P - i d(Ep-Ep’) Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

= P - i d(Ep-Ep’) Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

CONCLUSIONS 1. K 2. pp + - (K pp) Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011 p

CONCLUSIONS 1. K 2. pp + - (K pp) Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011 p

3. • Study the K - 3 p n He (pp n) - process

3. • Study the K - 3 p n He (pp n) - process to explore the (K pp) modules. No knock-out FSI Hadron Workshop, Mumbai, 2011

Mass Shifted M p 100 Me. V K + pp p M(“K pp”) -

Mass Shifted M p 100 Me. V K + pp p M(“K pp”) - M(K pp ) M p M(K pp ) is free mass. Red arrow in the figure. 34 34

Hadron Workshop, Aligarh, 2008 35

Hadron Workshop, Aligarh, 2008 35

2. Interaction between Mesons and Baryons +1 0 -1 S K - 0 K

2. Interaction between Mesons and Baryons +1 0 -1 S K - 0 K - n K+ 0 - + K - 0 Meson Octet p 0 0 0 + 0 -1 -2 S g. s. Baryon Octet c. PT describes interaction between these two octets at low energies very well. Adelaide-2012 36

c. PT, Single Pole The potentials for K-p and K-n systems Vkp = -360

c. PT, Single Pole The potentials for K-p and K-n systems Vkp = -360 exp(-ar)/r Me. V, T=0, 1 Vkn = -30 exp(-ar)/r Me. V, =1 1/a = 0. 5 fm. Variational Cal. K-pp system bound by around 150 Me. V, rms <pp>=1. 15 fm, <K-pp>=0. 698 fm Shoeb Mohmd. BKJ K-np system bound by around 65 Me. V, rms <np>=2. 30 fm, <K-np>=1. 40 fm pp & pn potential : Mafliet-Tjon & Urbana rms <d>~3. 8 fm

c. PT, Single Pole

c. PT, Single Pole