Safeguarding Children Training Version updated October 2018 Course

Safeguarding Children Training Version updated October 2018

Course Aims: Define and understand what it means to safeguard and have an awareness of current issues To understand within safeguarding the direction of travel and changes that have been implemented to keep children safe To raise awareness of how to keep children safe within their environment whilst having a regard for safe practice when working with children To understand how and who to report to if you have a concern and how that concern is managed by other professionals

What is Safeguarding?

Definition from the NSPCC: Safeguarding is the action that is taken to promote the welfare of children and protect them from harm. Safeguarding means: protecting children from abuse and maltreatment. preventing harm to children's health or development. Ensuring children grow up with the provision of safe and effective care.

Categories of abuse

Types of abuse Physical abuse Sexual abuse Emotional abuse Neglect causing physical harm to a child (eg. hitting, shaking, scalding) forcing or enticing a child to take part in sexual activity persistent emotional maltreatment of a child causing adverse effect on emotional development persistent failure to meet child’s physical or psychological needs

Other safeguarding issues Sexual exploitation Domestic abuse Missing children Forced marriage Trafficking Private fostering Honour based abuse Radicalisation Gangs and Groups Grooming, esafety, sexting Female genital mutilation

What is a gang? A gang is usually considered to be a group of people who spend time in public places who: See themselves (and are seen by others)as a noticeable group, and Engage in a range of criminal activity and violence They may also have any or all of the following features: - Identify with or lay a claim over territory, - are in conflict with other, similar gangs However if the majority of offending is of a lower non-violent level then they would be considered a peer group not a gang.

County Lines are operating from the London Boroughs into more rural areas outside of London. Young people are being ‘recruited’ by gangs / serious organised crime networks and used to facilitate the establishment of drug markets in the more rural locations as a result of the saturation of the markets in suburban areas ( Running the Risks, Catch 22 The Dawes Unit, July 2015) http: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-33889406

The Suffolk Picture County lines Establishment of drug dealing groups Young people being used to distribute Active recruitment of additional members Cuckooing Young people going missing ( and for longer) and being located in areas further away Weapons Drug debts – linked violence

Girls & Gangs - Used to hold or transport drugs or weapons - More likely to be asked to move drugs as thought to be less likely to be stopped - Usually in a relationship with or linked via family to a male associated with gangs / organised crime networks - Risk of CSE is increased - In some areas there is evidence that sex is exchanged for status within a gang - Sex has been used by some gangs ( no evidence in Suffolk) as part of the initiation process as a way to control, humiliate and demonstrate group loyalty - May be used to actively recruit new members locally - https: //www. theguardian. com/society/2018/may/12/the-county-lines-drug-dealer-once-get-in-hardto-get-out The Guardian, (12. 05. 18)

Identifying the Signs & Symptoms Sexualised behaviour Signs of assault Associating with gangs Malnutrition tiredness Money & new clothes Numerous phones Poor hygiene Missing Truancy How do we identify the signs of gang activity? Changes in behaviours Condoms and vaseline Train or bus tickets

Private Fostering A Private Fostering arrangement is made privately (that is to say without the involvement of a local authority) for the care of a child under the age of 16 (under 18 if disabled) by someone other than a close relative with the intention that it should last for 28 days or more. Private Foster carers may be from the extended family, such as cousin, or great aunt. However a person who is a relative under the Children Act 1989 (ie, Grandparent, brother, sister, uncle or aunt (whether by full blood OR marriage) or step parent (if married to birth parent) will NOT be a private foster carer. A Private Foster carer may be a family friend, the parent of a friend of the child, god parent, or someone previously known to the child's family who is willing to privately foster a child. The period for which the child is cared for and accommodated by the private foster carer should be continuous, but that continuity is not broken by the occasional short break. Exemptions to this definition are set out in Schedule 8 to the Children Act 1989.

It is Private Fostering When… • The child is under 16 years old • Not a looked after child • In the care of someone who is not a direct relative • For more than 28 days • It’s a voluntary arrangement between parents/carers

It is not Private Fostering When… • The child is 16 or over • The local authority have been involved in placing the child • Returns home to stay on a frequent basis • When the child is with family • When the PF assessment deems it unsuitable

If you know of a child who is being Privately Fostered then please contact Customer First on 0808 800 4005. If you need support and advice or to discuss a potential Private Fostering arrangement then please contact the Fostering Changes for Children Team on 01473 265025 or at FCFCT@suffolk. gcsx. gov. uk

IN THIS SECTION WE WILL CONSIDER …. the direction of travel and changes that have been implemented to keep children safe

Safeguarding children timeline

What is a serious case review?

Baby E Serious Case Review What were the areas of concern…. What went well What were the key learning points

Key Learning points – a summary Practitioners should consider – What is life like for this child? ‘whole family’ approach, the child should not be seen in isolation There should be clear understanding of the role of the Lead Professional in Early Help cases Practitioners should access tools which enable them to effectively assess risk of neglect (e. g. Graded Care Profile) Confidence in balancing and assessing risk and the families’ capacity to adapt to change and understand plans emphasis placed on supervision, support and guidance for practitioners

Continued… Working with adults with additional needs Understand use the ‘Collaborative Casework’ Guidance (previously ACCORD) i. e. closer working with Adult Services, especially if the adults have allocated Social Workers Assertive confident practice with challenging parents Don’t lose sight of the child, don't be distracted by challenging or avoidant adults or family members, even if there is a complaint. Escalate where necessary.

In this section we are going to look at how we ……… keep children safe within their environment whilst having a regard for safe practice when working with children

Every child has the right to be safe What are the challenges that you may face in your role? How can you minimise potential risks to the child? How can you help build resilience within the child?

Impact on practice

Suffolk Signs of Safety and Wellbeing • Suffolk County Council has adopted Signs of Safety as a system-wide approach to our work with children, young people and their families • It is an approach to: • Gathering information about a family • Analysing it • Identifying what needs to change and why • Setting clear goals • Identifying actions that will achieve those goals • Working WITH families to find solutions

Signs of Safety assessment tool

Early Help • Early help means providing support as soon as a problem emerges at any point in a child or young persons life • It is the responsibility of all organisations working with families and young people • Effective early help relies upon local agencies working together • Levels of risk must be considered alongside protective factors, resilience and strengths within the child and family • https: //youtu. be/v. Wd. ICYHS 7 q 4

In this section we will look at when, how and with whom. . . TO SHARE INFORMATION IF YOU HAVE A SAFEGUARDING CONCERN

Sharing Information When sharing information you should be guided by: • The 7 golden rules for information sharing under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Data Protection Act 2018 • The Human Rights Act 1998 and the common law duty of confidence

The GDPR and Data Protection Act 2018 do not prevent, or limit, the sharing of information for the purposes of keeping children and young people safe. Information which is relevant to safeguarding will often be data which is considered ‘special category personal data’ meaning it is sensitive and personal. Where practitioners need to share special category personal data, they should be aware that the Data Protection Act 2018 includes ‘safeguarding of children and individuals at risk’ as a condition that allows practitioners to share information without consent. Information can be shared legally without consent, if a practitioner is unable to, cannot be reasonably expected to gain consent from the individual, or if to gain consent could place a child at risk. Relevant personal information can be shared lawfully if it is to keep a child or individual at risk safe from neglect or physical, emotional or mental harm, or if it is protecting their physical, mental, or emotional well-being.

Sharing Information- The Principles The most important consideration is whether sharing information is likely to support the safeguarding and protection of a child Necessary and proportionate Relevant Adequate Accurate Timely Secure Record

Myth-busting Human rights concerns, such as respecting the right to a private and family life under the Human Rights Act 1998 and the common law duty of confidence would not prevent sharing of personal information, where there are real safeguarding concerns.

Handling the safeguarding concern & Reporting it

Skills and behaviours when talking to parents, children and young people- within the context of safeguarding Stay calm and listen carefully, offer reassurance to the child or young person Use reflective listening and ask open non judgemental questions “who, where, when” Do not promise the child confidentiality Record what you have seen or heard that has caused concern Record what a child has said and how you responded, as accurately (word for word) as you can Always sign and date everything. Use a body map when recording a concern about physical injury to a child Seek further advice from your safeguarding lead and MASH team if required.

It is appropriate to ask parents open, non-judgemental questions in order to clarify and contextualise your concerns before making a Safeguarding referral. However, there will be situations when it will not be appropriate to approach parents, for example where there are concerns about sexual abuse, FGM, self-harm, or when you believe approaching the parents would put the child at increased risk of significant harm. Explain to the parents that you are referring your concern, unless by doing so you think you put the child at increased risk of significant harm.

If you have a concern about a child Talk to your Designated Safeguarding Lead Complete a Multi Agency Referral Form (MARF) and email to: Customer. First@suffolk. gcsx. gov. uk (If you do not have a secure email, the form should be password protected) The MARF is available on www. suffolkscb. org. uk If you have an urgent safeguarding concern you should contact: MASH Professional Consultation Line: 03456 061 499 or Customer First: 0808 800 4005 (Members of the public) In an emergency call 999 and ask for the Police. 37

Modern Day Slavery Act 2005 - National Referral Mechanism (NRM) & Duty to Notify http: //www. suffolkscb. org. uk/assets/Safeguarding. Topics/Modern-Day-Slavery/Modern-Slavery-Poster-v 3. pdf The NRM Form should be sent to the NCA Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Unit via email to nrm@nca. x. gsi. gov. uk Completed MS 1 forms should be sent to dutytonotify@homeoffice. gsi. gov. uk 38

Referral process

What happens next? 40 The MASH work together to decide on appropriate action, following receiving the referral (Concern). The MASH does an initial rating of risk and decides how quickly partners will share information in order to make a decision on next steps. As part of information gathering, the MASH practitioners, where appropriate, will seek to discuss with the adult at risk. https: //www. suffolkas. org/working-with-adults/the-multi-agencysafeguarding-hub-mash/

Brag Rating within the MASH team

Brag rating within the MASH Team 42

Brag rating within the MASH Team Adults CYPS 43

What happens next? 44 o Following the information sharing process within the MASH, if it is considered that the child is at risk of significant harm, a section 47 threshold discussion will be held to determine the level of intervention needed. o If MASH consider that the child is at risk of significant harm, the referral goes to Social care teams, who will complete the strategy planning discussion for section 47 enquiry. o If the threshold of significant harm is not met, the referral can go to Early Help or Child in Need teams, for an assessment.

Adapted from LSCB Suffolk’s Threshold of Need Guidance, 2017

Professional Safety 46 Safe recruitment Induction and training Supervision Whistleblowing

Local Authority Designated Officers (LADOs) The LADO manages allegations against people who work with children and young people in any capacity, whether paid, unpaid, volunteer, casual, agency or anyone self-employed. Contact Details: Rennie Everett Dian Campbell Central telephone number: 0300 123 2044 Email: LADOCentral@suffolk. gcsx. gov. uk 47

Case Studies What are you worried about? What other information might you need? What is working well? What threshold does it reach? What action would you take?

Further Support and Guidance www. suffolkscb. org. uk – Suffolk Safeguarding Children Board HM Government - Information Sharing: Advice for Practitioners providing safeguarding services to children, young people, parents and carers, July 2018 https: //www. gov. uk/government/publications/safeguarding-practitioners-informationsharing-advice Practice guidance on sharing adult safeguarding information Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018) Keeping Children Safe in Education (2016) What to do if you're worried a child is being abused (2015)

Next steps