Ms Susan M Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua

Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist

1. 4, 000 BCE – 1, 000 BCE Paleolithic Age: 2. 1, 500, 000 BCE -- 250, 000 BCE 2, 500, 000 BCE to 8, 000 BCE 3. 250, 000 BCE – 30, 000 BCE ( Old Stone Age ) 4. 30, 000 BCE -- 10, 000 BCE

§ “Paleolithic” -->“Old Stone” Age § 2, 500, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE § Made tools § hunting ( men ) & gathering (women ) small bands of 20 -30 humans § NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

4, 000 BCE – 1, 000 BCE § Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. § Australopithecines § An Apposable Thumb

§ HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) § found in East Africa. § created stone tools.

§ Humans § Cave during this period found shelter in caves. paintings left behind. Purpose? ?

1, 6000, 000 BCE – 30, 000 BCE § HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” ) Ø BIPEDALISM § Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology § First hominid to migrate leave Africa for Europe Asia. § First and to use fire ( 500, 000 BCE )

Are we all Africans “under the skin”? ?

200, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals ( 200, 000 BCE – 30, 000 BCE ) Cro-Magnons ( 40, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE )

NEANDERTHALS: § Neander Valley, Germany (1856) § First humans to bury their dead. § Made clothes from animal skins. § Lived in caves and tents.

NEANDERTHALS Early Hut/Tent

CRO-MAGNONs : § Homo sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” ) § By 30, 000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY? ? ?

70, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE

§ “Neolithic” “New Stone” Age § 10, 000 BCE – 4, 000 BCE § Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animals.

§ 8, 000 BCE – 5, 000 BCE § Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. Ø SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East 8, 000 BCE India 7, 000 BCE Central America 6, 500 BCE China 6, 000 BCE Southeast Asia 5, 000 BCE

? ? Development of Agriculture ? ?

Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?

Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

§ Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. § More permanent, settled communities emerged. § 9, 000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq ) wheat

§ 8, 000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) 6, 000 inhabitants § 12 cultivated crops § Division of labor § Engaged in trade § Organized religion § Small military An obsidian dagger

Çatal Hüyük

What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of huntergatherers and the settled life of the farmers?

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