Middle Ages Dark Ages Medieval Times A period

Middle Ages • Dark Ages • Medieval Times • A period of European history between Ancient Times and Modern Times 1

Feudalism • Feudal Pyramid • A system of power during the Middle Ages in which Kings gave land to nobles in return for military service 2 of the manor.

Manor - a self-sufficient large estate that included the castle or mansion, farmland the village of the Lord 3

Bubonic Plague • Disease during the middle ages that killed 1/3 of the population in 4 years • Also called the Black Death • Started in China; spread by fleas on rats • Effected the Roman Catholic Church’s influence over the people 4

Role of the Church The Roman Catholic Church • • Monotheistic Christian religion Life was very hard the only hope people found was the promise Christianity gave that life in heaven would be better than life on earth Education The Church became a very powerful Made laws, rules, told how to live 5

Crusades- Holy wars between Christians and Muslim Turks to win control of the Holy land • HOLY Wars that lasted 200 years beginning in 1096 • Causes - Christians and Muslims each wanted control of the Holy land • Resulted in sharing the Holy land, increased trade, introduction of currency/money to Europe, end of feudalism, transportation improved (supplies/trade) • Muslim influence – spices, silk, architecture • Led to the “Rebirth of learning”---”The Renaissance” 6

Renaissance • Began in Italy; THE REBIRTH of Learning and art • CAUSES – BLACK DEATH – CRUSADES – INCREASED TRADE • RISE OF CITIES • MONEY/abundance of wealth – PATRONS – PRINTING PRESS – Reformation/ humanism • ACHIEVEMENTS – Arts – Learning – Science -Exploration -Education -Rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman ideas 7

Significant people from the Renaissance Leonardo Da. Vinci Michelangelo Galileo Johanne Gutenberg Medici Family Martin Luther Henry VIII Issac Newton 8

Achievement -Renaissance Art Middle Ages Art • Salvation of soul • Self denial • GOD • Religiosity • Supernatural • Spirit and soul • Faith • 2 - dimensional Renaissance Art • Human achievement • Earthly desires • MAN • Secularism • Nature • Flesh and body • Reason • 3 -demensional 9

Significant people and achievements during RENAISSANCE • Printing press • New techniques in art, painting and music • Scientist and the scientific methods • Explorers like Columbus 10

Geography West Europe • Northern hemisphere • Peninsulas, harbors, and inlets – Easy access to Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea • Shipping • Trade – Most of West Europe economy is based on shipping and trade 11

WEST EUROPE -United Kingdom • NEWS – – Northern Ireland England Wales Scotland 12

WEST EUROPE -Germany • 1949 - Germany divided following WWII • East Germany became communist • West Germany became a democracy • 1991 - German united again 13

East Europe-and Russia • Great European Plain • Fertile soil • Economy / Farming • 3/4 of Russia economy is from farming 14

EAST EUROPE-Yugoslavia • Communist included Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia. Yugoslavia, Montenegro and Kosova • Wanted to be separate countries; ethnic conflicts • Dissolved in 1992 – Ethnic discrimination – Human right violations – wars 15

RUSSIA- largest country in the world SLAVIC 16

Russia Heritage Slavic people, Slavic culture • EASTERN ORTHODOX RELIGION 17

MONGOL INVASION OF EARLY RUSSIA • Mongols invade Kiev; early Russia • Conquered, controlled and isolated Russians • The Early Russia people did NOT experience the Renaissance – Missed learning, arts, exploration, science 18

EARLY RUSSIAN RULERS AND GOVERNMENT CZARS RULE AN AUTOCRACTIC GOVERNMENT • Ivan the Great took control of Russia from the Mongols • Czars rule Russia for two centuries • Czars ruled an autocracy – Single ruler with unlimited power 19

COMMUNISM GOVERNMENT OWNS FARMS AND FACTORIES PEOPLE SHARE THE WORK EQUALLY AND PEOPLE SHARE THE REWARDS EQUALLY 20

Capitalist vs Communist Economy • Supply and demand set prices • Competition • Business owners compete in the market • Little government interference • Government control of goods produced • Government owns farms and factories • Price controlled by government

Yugoslavia dissolved and broke up into 5 independent countries 22 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia

BREAK UP OF SOVIET UNION • CAUSES • LACK OF CONSUMER GOODS • TOO MUCH CONTROL OVER PEOPLES LIVES • GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF ECONOMY 23

CAUSES • Gorbachev, the last Russian ruler – Severe economic and political problems • Two tiered reform – Perestroika - A REFORM IN THE SOVIET UNION TO RESTRUCTURE THE ECONOMY – Glasnost – free speech 24

Break up of the Soviet Union In 1991 communism ended in the Soviet Union. The result was the creation of 15 Independent countries. Now called the Commonwealth of Independent States. 21

EUROPEAN UNION- an organization in Europe that is working to unite European countries • • • Create a “United States” of Europe Preserve cultures Cooperation socially and economically Common money system the “EURO” Promotes people, money, goods and service to move freely among member countries • Promote Trade – End tariffs 25