Middle Ages 500 1400 Medieval Art Middle Ages

Middle Ages (500– 1400) Medieval Art

Middle Ages (500– 1400) Celtic art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque, Gothic St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral, Notre Dame, Chartres, Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto Viking Raids (793– 1066); Battle of Hastings (1066); Crusades I–IV (1095– 1204); Black Death (1347– 1351); Hundred Years' War (1337– 1453)

The Middle Ages “Knights, Castles, Roman Catholicism, Barbarians……”

The beginning…Early Middle Ages n Decline of Roman Empire n Rise of Northern Europe n New forms of government n Heavy “Romanization” (religion, language, laws, architecture, government)

Early Middle Ages n Dark Ages (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars named this as a time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans) n Rise of influence of barbarians as Roman Emperors had granted barbarian mercenaries land with the Roman Empire in return for military service and it was these barbarians who eventually became the new rulers.

Warriors and Warbands in the West n n n Period of change in Western Europe as barbarians were migrating in to areas given up by Romans As more barbarians moved westward, other tribes were forced to move Groups categorized by languages and little else Celtic: Gauls, Britons, Bretons Germanic: Goths, Frank, Vandals, Saxons Slavic: Wends

From Rome to Constantinople n n n (former city of Byzantium) became new capital and control centre for Roman Empire Was largest city by population in the world west of China Strategic location on trade routes One of largest natural harbours in the world linked the east and west Byzantine gold coin (bezant) was the main currency of international trade Ruled provinces by Roman model (governors, bureaucracy and imperial army, heavy taxation and favouring of royal family and priests in trade and taxes

Expanding Influence of the Church n n Christian Church has become an important political, economic, spiritual and cultural force in Europe Leading officials of Church were the Pope and Patriarch Banning of heresy (holding beliefs that contradict the official religion) Eventually in 11 th Century, Church split into two independent branches Eastern Orthodox (Greek) based in Constantinople and Roman Catholic in Rome

You scratch my back… I’ll scratch yours…. n Church was granted favours by Roman Emperors / Kings (land, exemption from taxes, immunity in courts, positions in courts) and in return the Church would endorse kings to help secure their rule n Kings looked to Church to supply educated administrators to help run kingdoms and in return kings would enforce laws that prohibited other religions

Monasticism and Saints n Monks were people who gave up worldly possessions and devote themselves to a religious life n Established between 400 -700 communities called monasteries which became centres of education, literacy and learning n Strict codes of monastic conduct called Rule of St. Benedict n Saints- one who performs miracles that are interpreted as evidence of a special relationship with God n St. Augustine- wrote “Confessions” which discussed ideas of ethics, self knowledge, and the role of free will which shaped monastic tradition and the influence of Church

Late Middle Ages Black Death “The Bubonic Plague” a devastating worldwide pandemic that first struck Europe in the mid 14 th century killed about a third of Europe’s population, an estimated 34 million people.

The Bubonic Plague Called “black death” because of striking symptom of the disease, in which sufferers' skin would blacken due to hemorrhages under the skin Spread by fleas and rats painful lymph node swellings called buboes in the groin and armpits, which ooze pus and blood. damage to the skin and underlying tissue until they were covered in dark blotches Most victims died within four to seven days after infection EFFECTS Caused massive depopulation and change in social structure Weakened influence of Church Originated in Asia but was blamed on Jews and lepers

The diagram below shows the process of fleas passing the disease to humans:

Bubonic Plague - This strain attacks the lymph nodes, found in the human neck, armpit and groin. When infected with the plague, these areas become very swollen and turn dark blue or nearly black in color. Discoloration in these areas led people to dub the disease the "Black Death. " This is the least deadly of the three plagues because it cannot be transmitted between humans without a carrier (such as a flea).

Images of death, tortured souls, and the macabre art produced during the Middle Ages that was highly influenced by the horrors of Black Death.

Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411).

Ideas, Inventions and Key Figures Roger Bacon (gunpowder) Luca Pacioli (Father of Accounting) Johannes Gutenberg (printing press) Christine de Pisan (writer); Geoffrey Chaucer (writer) Joan of Arc (Hundred Year’s War) Pope Urban II (indulgences) Pope Innocent IV and Bernard Gui (inquisitions) Parliamentary Government in England

Standards Standard 1. 0 Media, Techniques and Processes Standard 2. 0 Structures and Functions Standard 3. 0 Evaluation Standard 4. 0 Historical and Cultural Relationships Standard 5. 0 Reflecting and Assessing Standard 6. 0 Interdisciplinary Connections

Objectives Explore The Middle Ages, focusing on the Dark Ages, Religion, The Black Death and Barbarians. Correctly answer questions about areas discussed. Create your own “Black Death” art using similar themes, colors and methods.

Questions to Consider 1. What percentage of Europe's population was lost to the plague? 3. How was the disease transmitted? 4. What are some of the symptoms of the Bubonic plague? How was art effected by the Plague? What was the principle religion during The Middle Ages?

Directions for Art Making:

References http: //medievaleurope. mrdonn. org/powerp oints-overviews. html http: //www. medievalists. net/2009/05/18/h ow-the-black-death-affected-painters-andart-history/ http: //www. historyofpainters. com/black_de ath. htm