Manifest Destiny AP US History American Progress Emanuel

Manifest Destiny AP US History

American Progress – Emanuel Leutze

Manifest Destiny James L. O’Sullivan, 1848 “And that claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us. ”

Manifest Destiny

Louisiana Purchase – 1803 Why Desired: New Orleans, land for farmers, control of the Mississippi River How Acquired: purchased for $15 million from France Outcomes: Jefferson changes his interpretation, Lewis and Clark explore, US grows significantly, Native American removal, slave controversy

Florida - 1819 Why Desired: Florida was a haven for Native Americans, slaves, and criminals How Acquired: purchased from Spain in the Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida Purchase Treaty) in 1819 Outcomes: US controls all of the Atlantic coast

Election of 1844 James K Polk (D) v. Henry Clay (W) Issue: o Expansion: Texas, Oregon, California Polk wins! Sorry Clay…

Manifest Destiny James K. Polk, Inaugural Address, March 1845 ". . . It is confidently believed that our system may be safely extended to the utmost bounds of our territorial limits, and that as it shall be extended the bonds of our Union, so far from being weakened, will become stronger. . . "

Oregon 1818 -1846 Status: o Joint occupation with England since early 1800 s (Lewis & Clark) o Oregon Fever Polk in 1844 – add Oregon o Debate over the boundary o 49 th Parallel or 54 40 1846 it) Agreement – Oregon Treaty (split

Texas (CC #17 1: 34 -4: 02) Status: o Texas was part of Mexico o American Settlement (1820 s/1830 s) • Mexican “infringement” on American “rights” o Revolution (1835 -1836) Independence (1836 -1845) o Annexation Requests/Rejections – Slavery Annexation (1845) o Polk’s Election 1844/Added under Tyler o Border Disputes

Causes of Mex-Am War 1845 -46 Manifest Destiny o Polk’s Election and Goals o Pacific Access and Trade – Desire for California o Attempts to Purchase ($30 million) • Mexico refuses to meet Texas Rivers Dispute o Instigation of war? o Whig resistance o Spot Resolutions – Abe Lincoln o War Declaration

Mexican American War 1846 -1848 (CC #17 4: 02 -8: 08) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo o All or some of Mexico? o $15 M land/$3. 25 M land claims o Treaty Debate – Senate (38 -14) Treatment of Mexicans & Natives Wilmot Proviso • Passes House of Reps, defeated in Senate • Slavery controversy erupts California Gold Rush

Trade with Asia Treaty of Wanghia (1845): opens up formal trade relations with China Treaty of Kanagawa (1854): opens up formal relations with Japan (Commodore Perry)

Gadsden Purchase - 1853

Manifest Destiny

American Progress – John Gast

Historical Argumentation “The Pacific expansionist who rejoiced in the bloodless annexation of Texas was shortly mocked by the resultant war with the aggrieved recent owner of that disputed country. The War with Mexico was in turn the causes of a new territorial ambition which, though it resulted merely in the acquisition of New Mexico and Upper California, was directed for a time toward the annexation of all Mexico and fell short of it only through a slight turn of events. This ambition marked a momentous change both in policy and in the ideal of American expansionism … the enlargement of territorial aim was probably due less to philanthropy than to a consideration of national selfinterest … Yet the expansionism of the Mexican War anticipated the ideology of the white man’s burden … Expansionists contemplated not merely the regeneration of the Mexican but a whole series of civilizing enterprises … “

Manifest Destiny Review Argumentation Finish the following statements with the person sitting next to you. Manifest Destiny was a tremendous accomplishment for America because… Manifest Destiny was a betrayal of American ideals because…

Manifest Destiny Causes Most Important Cause? Most Important Result? Results

Texas Revolution

River Disputes (Nueces v. Rio Grande)

Joint Occupation of Oregon

Oregon Trail

Oregon Treaty

California

Spot Resolutions

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Wilmot Proviso

Mexican Cession Hispanics: o Given citizenship in Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo o White Americans systematically reduced the land holdings of the Californios through legal and economic pressure and illegal squatting Native Americans: o White Americans took land, repudiated land treaties, enslaved or killed Natives Asian Americans: o Large numbers of Chinese arrived to work in mining o Americans were nativist and discriminatory, pushed for banning Asian immigration White Settlers: o Very difficult life in the mining towns, most stay out west

Horace Greeley, May 12, 1846 From the New York Tribune: “We can easily defeat the armies of Mexico, slaughter them by thousands, and pursue them perhaps to their capital; we can conquer and "annex" their territory; but what then? Have the histories of the ruin of Greek and Roman liberty consequent on such extensions of empire by the sword no lesson for us? Who believes that a score of victories over Mexico, the "annexation" of half her provinces, will give us more Liberty, a purer Morality, a more prosperous Industry, than we now have? . . . Is not Life miserable enough, comes not Death soon enough, without resort to the hideous enginery of War? ”