Manifest Destiny 1803 1853 Manifest Destiny o Manifest

Manifest Destiny 1803 - 1853

Manifest Destiny o Manifest Destiny = belief of Americans that it was the U. S. ’s right and destiny to have a country from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans

Louisiana Purchase - 1803

Florida (1819) o o Ceded to U. S. in 1819 from Spanish Adams-Onis Treaty n n After War of 1812 Spain is not confident they can defend their colony Spain decides instead of attempting to militarily defend land to cede it to U. S.

Major Issue o o As U. S. expands West and territories submit for admission into the Union there is always the debate about whether they will enter as a free or slave state U. S. wants to keep a balance b/t free and slave states so the Senate is balanced n HOR was controlled by free states (North had more reps…)

Missouri Compromise - 1820 o o Missouri wanted to be a state 11 free states and 11 slave states in the union n o o o This kept a balance in the Senate Missouri will be a slave state Maine will be a free state Louisiana territory north of 36’ 30’ N will be free of slavery.

Texas Revolution – 1835/36 o o Texas belonged to Mexico Americans settle there n Encouraged by Mexican gov’t and led by Stephen F. Austin o Cheap land can expand slavery Americans rebel & declare their independence. n Mexico was abolishing slavery and forcing settlers to convert to Catholicism Led by Sam Houston, Texans win independence

REMEMBER THE ALAMO

Texas o o 1836 -1845 – Texas is an independent country Texas wants to join U. S. n o o Politicians are fearful because of the possible expansion of slavery and threats to balance of power in congress 1844 – Pres. James K. Polk annexes Texas 1845 – Texas becomes a state

Mexican American War 1846 -1848

Causes o Border dispute between newly acquired Texas and Mexico n o Is the Rio Grande or the Nueces River the border? Skirmish breaks out between Mexican and American forces in disputed area

Results o o 90, 000 Americans serve, 12, 000 die (most due to disease) Mexican Cession n o Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo gives U. S. present day CA, NM, WY, UT, NV, AR for about $20 million Anti-slavery politicians thought war was a plot to expand slavery

Compromise of 1850 o o o Population increases in Cal. because of the gold rush. (49 ers) Cal. wants to be a state. Compromise of 1850: n Calif. free state n what about rest of territory? ? ? o n n Popular Sovereignty: let the people who settle there decide for themselves. No slave trade (buying/selling of slaves) allowed in DC New Fugitive Slave Law: most controversial – angers the North o o Any northerner who sees an escaped slave must take action to return the slave to the South Illegal to help slaves escape slavery

Pacific North. West o Oregon Territory - 1846 n Had been occupied by both U. S. and British n “ 54’ 40” Or Fight!!!” (Polk Campaign Slogan) o U. S. threatens military action if border is not set n In reality U. S. does not want war n Treaty sets the boundary with Canada at 49 th Parallel

Southwest America o Gadsen Purchase 1853 n Bought from Mexico for $15 mil, needed better land to build transcontinental railroad

o Discuss the nature of Westward Expansion from 1803 -1853, was the expansion aggressive or peaceful in nature?