LOWER LEG FOOT ANKLE ANATOMY RECOGNITION TREATMENT THERAPY

LOWER LEG, FOOT & ANKLE ANATOMY, RECOGNITION, TREATMENT, THERAPY TIM AMSHOFF LAT MOORE TRADITIONAL SCHOOL

ANKLE JOINT • 3 main bones • Lower leg: tibia & fibula • Foot: Talus

ANKLE MOVEMENTS (ROM) • Inversion • Eversion • Plantar flexion (gas pedal) • Dorsiflexion (toes up)

ANKLE STABILITY (LIGAMENTS) • ATF (anterior talo-fibular) • PTF (posterior talo-fibular) • Calcaneofibular • Deltoid ligament (medial aspect) • Tib-fib (anterior and posterior)

LOWER LEG • Fibula (lateral malleolus) • Tibia (medial malleolus) • Gastrocnemius • Soleus

ANTERIOR MUSCLES • • Anterior compartment: Anterior tibialis Extensor Muscles Peroneus Muscles

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME ee s u ? yo Do mosis hy c c e SHIN SPLINTS

OTHER ANATOMY • Fascia (foot) • Arches

MEASURING ARCHES

HOW DO ARCHES FALL? • Managing/treating painful arches • Is it plantar fasciitis? • orthotics • Is it a strained (fallen) arch? • Replace insoles; support arches? • Taping of the arches

CALF PAIN Ruptured Achilles/gastrocnemius • Thompsons test • Age of patients typically

CAN YOU SEE THE 2 MUSCLES AND THE TENDON? oc r t s . Ga soleus Ach ten illes don

CALF PAIN CONTINUED • How do I stretch out a calf that is cramping? • During game/practice • Middle of night • Is it dehydration really? • Do bananas really help? • Can you tape the calf? • Yes, but support is for achilles

OTHER WAYS TO STRETCH IT… h Pus in aga s an t s i s t re ce

HOPS • Always rule out a fracture and set a standard on Active ROM before asking participant to move

ANKLE SPRAINS • 3 types or degrees • 1 st degree: • Mild; slight tear in fibers of ligaments & capsule; some minor swelling and ecchymosis • 3

ANKLE SPRAINS CONTINUED • 2 nd degree • Swelling is definite, ecchymosis, pain is uncomfortable (but not sharp), pain could be over several areas; will need help to ambulate

3 RD DEGREE ANKLE SPRAINS • Swelling is noticeable, ecchymosis, not able to apply weight, usually when landing on another person’s foot; improper foot wear; severe force applied • Rehab. Is necessary at extensive level; surgery may occur • Definite tear or rupture of ligaments in ankle

WHAT CAN IT LOOK LIKE? High ankle sprain

ANKLE SPRAIN TREATMENT (TX. ) • Varies • Whirlpool is great use; ice bags • Follow RICE for 24 -48 hours before changing plan • May need physician referral • May need crutches or WC • Dependent upon outcome of FX. Tests • Do not allow to sleep in ACE bandages

OTHER CONDITIONS • Stress fractures • Cast shoe or walking boot • Stop activity • Morton’s Neuroma • Padding at • Ball of foot

MORE… • Turf toe • Sprained toe • Plantar fasciitis • Tear occurs • Muscle/tendon herniates • Most pain: 1 st step in morning

MORE… • Ingrown toenails • Tinea Pedis • Athlete’s Foot (viral; socks color, dry; shower? ) • Blisters • Hot spots, improper footwear? • Wet shoes, socks • Do not pop and drain • Allow to dry out, cover up

• Ankle taping