LIU HLLHC Cost and Schedule Review 17 19

LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review 2

Linac 4 status and outlook Alessandra Lombardi, Maurizio Vretenar for the LINAC 4 team Table of contents: • Outcomes of the Cost and Schedule review • Baseline beam parameters • Machine layout • Status of work progress • Risks and mitigation • Budget, manpower, EVM • Schedule 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 3

March 2015 : Outcomes of the Cost and Schedule review Findings LINAC 4 will replace LINAC 2, injecting H-minus into the PS Booster (PSB) at 160 Me. V After starting the LINAC 4 project in 2008, beam commissioning has now started. Commissioning at 50 Me. V is planed for the summer of 2015. By the end of 2016, LINAC 4 will be ready to provide H-minus beams at 160 Me. V Comments LINAC 4 is progressing well and can be ready for connection to PSB by the end of 2016. There is a generous number of spare Klystrons. The large operating cost of the LHC could justify the acquisition of a spare RFQ to address this single–point failure item Recommendations 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review • None LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 4

Baseline beam parameters LINAC 4 – CDR LINAC 4 –march 2015 LINAC 4 – achieved (IN PROGRESS) 70 m. A peak at the source 65 ma peak at 3 Me. V 40 m. A after chopping 25 m. A at the source 7. 5 m. A at 3 Me. V 5 m. A after chopping 50 m. A peak 30 m. A peak at 3 Me. V 20 m. A after chopping 160 Me. V 12 Me. V 157 in progress will have latest number 0. 4 π mm mrad 0. 3 π mm mrad (at 12 Me. V) 0. 3 π mm mrad (at 100 Me. V) 400 µsec 1 Hz Up to 600 µsec 1 Hz Fast Chopping at 3 Me. V 2µsec inj kicker rise-time Demonstrated , including transmitted beam quality Energy painting with the last accelerating modules Not yet tested , see later H- 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 5

Baseline beam parameters LINAC 4 – CDR LINAC 4 – achieved (IN PROGRESS) H- Charge exchange injection to be tested in HST 70 m. A peak at the source 65 ma peak at 3 Me. V 40 m. A after chopping 50 m. A peak (in twice the acceptance of the RFQ) 30 m. A peak at 3 Me. V 20 m. A after chopping 160 Me. V 157 in progress will have latest number 0. 4 π mm mrad 0. 3 π mm mrad Smaller emittance , allows for more turns injected 400 µsec 1 Hz Up to 600 µsec 1 Hz Longer injection in the PSB (100150 turns) Fast Chopping at 3 Me. V 2µsec inj kicker risetime Demonstrated , including transmitted beam quality Unprecedented flexibility, which should be better exploited Energy painting with Not yet tested , see later the last accelerating 17 -19 October 2016 LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi modules LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review BE/ABP Peak current from the source Average beam current after chopping (LEBT and RFQ transmission and chopping factor) 6

Machine layout LINAC 4 machine layout- 352 MHz Pre-injector (9 m) DTL (19 m) CCDTL (25 m) Π-mode (23 m) 3 Me. V 50 Me. V 100 Me. V 160 Me. V 3 Tanks 3 Klystrons : 5 MW 1 EMQ 114 PMQ 2 steerers 7 Modules 7 Klystrons : 7 MW 7 EMQ + 14 PMQ 7 steerers 12 Modules 8 Klystrons: 12 MW 12 EMQ 12 steerer SOURCE Plasma Generator Extraction e-Dump LEBT 2 solenoids Pre chopper RFQ CHOPPER LINE 11 EMQ 3 Cavities 2 Chopper units In-line dump Beam Commissioning stages 45 ke. V 3 Me. V 12 Me. V Not yet the final source – details later (50 m. A standalone) (30 m. A-Nov 15)***** Octobre 2013 (10 m. A- Aug 14) (30 m. A-oct 15) (20 m. A-Nov 15) 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review 50 Me. V 105 Me. V 160 Me. V August 2014 November 2015 (10 m. A- Aug 14) June 2016 Octobre 2016 (20 m. A – Nov 15) (20 m. A – June 16) 5 m. A , about 155 Me. V in progress (20 m. A – Nov 15) LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 7

Machine layout BEAM IS AT THE FINAL ENERGY, AT THE END OF THE STRAIGHT , SAFELY ON THE DUMP. Lossless TRANSPORT from 3 to 160 Me. V. 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 8

Status of installation • As completed as we can All components up to Half Sector Test installed and ready for beam Vertical chicane (after HST) complete. • To be installed before connection : Debuncher and debuncher amplifier (already in house) LBE line : dump, diagnostics, quadrupoles available. Production of the vacuum chambers and supports started in August, should be completed by beginning 2017. 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 9

Pre-injector 3 Me. V/ 352 MHz/ 3 m long RFQ Commissioned with beam 2013 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review Fast chopper, functionality validated 2013 Risetime<10 nsec/ extinguish factor 100% LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 10

DTL : 3 -50 Me. V 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review ● Designed for ≥ 30 years of reliable operation with up to 10% duty cycle ● Rigid self supporting steel tanks assembled from <2 m long segments ● Tank Design almost without welds, heat treated after rough machining ● PMQs in vacuum for streamlined drift tube assembly ● Adjust & Assemble: Tightly toleranced Al girders w/o adjustment mechanism ● Spring loaded metal gaskets for vacuum sealing and RF contacts ● Easy to use patented mounting mechanism ● Additional C-seal and temperature probe channel employed for leak testing ● Increased gap spacing in first cells of T 1 to reduce breakdown in PMQ fields ● Cooled RF-port & vacuum grid in AISI 304 L tank for 10% duty-cycle LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 11

CCDTL : 50 -100 Me. V � construction by BINP and VNIITF in Russia, assembly at CERN � 7 modules of 3 accelerating cavities (3 gaps each) and 2 coupling cells, � quadrupoles outside of RF structure, � copper plated stainless steel, � time-consuming assembly because of high number of Cshaped metal seals, several attempts necessary to achieve vacuum tightness, � around 1 month of conditioning needed to clean surfaces, � non-trivial support mechanics because of 12 support points per module, � all drift tube centres are aligned within ± 0. 1 mm 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review � first-ever CCDTL in a working machine! LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 12

PIMS : 100 -160 Me. V � Machined in Poland (NCBJ) � Bulk copper, no RF seals, discs and rings are tuned and electronbeam welded at CERN � Long qualification period for series production (~3 years), critical point was precision machine large pieces of copper (10 - 20 um on 500 mm diameter pieces) � Conditioning time of prototype: 24 hours � First low-beta pi-mode structure to go into operational machine 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 13

Status of commissioning Pre-injector : 1) RFQ behaves as we expected 2) Chopper scheme is effective, both extinguish factor and rise time : THIS IS CRUCIAL FOR INJECTION INTO PSB 3) matching to the DTL is mastered and possible under different condition of Beam current ( from 0. 2 to 30 m. A) and chopping patterns RFQ Transmission vs. RF power for different pressure in the LEBT (neutralisation). The nominal RFQ power is 400 k. W. Meas 2014 Chopped and un-chopped beam transverse profiles (fully separated, just before the inline dump. 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review Emittance measured with two independent method, just before the DTL LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 14

Status of commissioning DTL 3 -50 Me. V : 1) Loss-less transmission from 3 Me. V onwards 2) NO EMITTANCE INCREASE due to mismatch : matching, alignment and field quality are good 3) Perfect agreement with longitudinal measurements : field control and tuning in the DTL is good 12 Me. V : Energy spread measurement after DTL 1 Expected - Measured Meas 2015 Emittance measured with indirect methods at the end of the DTL 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review 50 Me. V : Energy measurement vs DTL tank 3 Phase for different amplitudes LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 15

Status of commissioning CCDTL and PIMS (100 -160 Me. V: 1) Loss-less transmission under any condition of energy and current 2) we can accelerated to 100 Me. V with expected beam quality (July 2016 campaign) 3) we can accelerate to 160 Me. V (October campaign- ongoing) Expected - Measured Meas 2015 Emittance measured with indirect methods at the end of the DTL 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review 105 Me. V : Energy measurement vs PIMS 1 Phase for different amplitudes 80 Me. V : Energy measurement vs CCDTLmodule 4 Phase for different amplitudes LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 16

A word on the source Many improvement since march 2015 1) Intensity 2) Stability 3) Auto-Pilot (automatic regulation of critical source parameters for increased stability) 4) Caesiation with autopilot , time needed went from half day w/o beam to few hours in degraded beam conditions Current at 3 Me. V before chopping Still needs attention 1) Control of the emittance 2) Optimised electrode shape 3) Matching into the LEBT 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review Obtained LINAC 4 30 m. A Nominal LIU 40 m. A Can be compensated with more injected turns in the PSB. Studies by Benedetto and Forte show that emittance is ok for LHC beams. LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 17

A word on the energy painting • Will add after meeting with Giovanni and collaborators 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 18

A word on safety • Anne 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 19

Spare RFQ q Methodology: Mini-workshop (17. 06. 2015) with participation of CERN experts in RFQ and in the surrounding systems, with the goal of: a) list all possible failure scenarios; b) collectively evaluate the probability and impact of these failures; c) collectively elaborate mitigations that if applied would reduce probability and/or impact. q Participants: C. Rossi (BE/RF), M. Vretenar (DG/DI), A. Lombardi (BE/ABP), S. Mathot (EN/MME), R. Scrivens (BE/ABP), J. Lettry (BE/ABP), J. Hansen (TE/VSC). q The team identified analysed 8 failure modes (risks) 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 20

Risk rating Risk Analysis P I S 1 Electrode damage (sputtering of copper) due to beam loss at the RFQ entrance 2 Certainly occurring, effect is Electrode contamination due to Cs limited because Cs penetrating 5 1 5 deposition / normal caesiation. in the RFQ immediately oxidises (oxide is not e- emitter) 3 Electrode contamination due to Cs deposition / caesiation accident. 4 5 6 7 8 Certainly occurring, effect is limited because of the low duty 5 1 5 cycle of Linac 4 (0. 08%) and of the presence of a pre-chopper Might happen (ISIS); in the worst case, would require a cleaning of the RFQ 2 4 8 Mitigation measures already present: a) surveillance on beam transmission; b) pre-chopper cutting unused beam. Additional measure: a mask in the LEBT to scrape beam out of RFQ acceptance (to be installed when beam is stable). Implement a hard-wired interlock on top of existing procedure to assure that the amount of Cs that can enter the RFQ is always a controlled quantity. A "box" around the coupler is already implemented. Additional mitigation would be to build a spare Ridge 1 Damage of the RF power coupler Already well protected (mechanical deformation or surface mechanically, surface problems 1 4 4 effects) quite unlikely Vacuum degradation due to a cooling The caps on the cooling circuits circuit water leak (e. g. from erosion of are brazed over a long No mitigation measure can be 1 2 2 the brazed joints of the water circuit distance, if happens differential envisaged; the risk is evaluated as low. caps). pumping can be applied No stresses present on the Build 12 additional tuners or variable Mechanical deformation of the RFQ. cavity, thermal load is low, field 2 4 8 tuners. can be corrected Vacuum contamination of the RFQ from Pumps are dry, oil quantity is Accept reduced beam transmission 2 3 6 hydrocarbons. minimal, voltage is not too high during re-conditioning. Weldings and brazes are Flanges for RF tuner or RF pick-up are strong, if happens repair or 4 2 8 Install a protection on critical elements. broken because of mechanical differential pumping can be 17 -19 October 2016 stress. LINAC 4 applied: Alessandra Lombardi LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review BE/ABP P' I' S' 3 1 3 1 4 4 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 6 2 2 4 2 3 6 21

Risk analysis Ref : https: //edms. cern. ch/document/1560355/0. 1 • Jan 2016 a LIU/HL-LHC Executive Committee has • Endorsed mitigations to reduce the risk of a RFQ failure • Approved the budget for the procurement of a quantity of copper and special steel for a full RFQ • Cost analysis for rough machining/machining a full module/ machining a full spare to follow 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 22

EVM Extraction 10. 2016 Baseline 2014 Healthy project close to completion 2. 5 years PV (k. CHF) EV (k. CHF) AC (k. CHF) PV Total (k. CHF) SV (k. CHF) SPI (%) CV (k. CHF) CPI (%) 92, 352 90, 369 89, 919 93, 013 -1, 983 98 450 101 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 23

Additional items CHF Improving lighting protection 20 k safety approved De-buncher amplifier 90 k performance Under discussion move of transfer line bending magnet power supplies to LINAC 2 building 70 k + cabling consolidation Under discussion New ventilation for equipment room 300 k consolidation CONS consolidation of power supplies in the transfer lines 200 k consolidation CONS Budget margin (estimated 100 k) will be used to cover some of the above items. Connection budget of 940 KCHF is set aside 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 24

Schedule q. PS Booster injection tests in Linac 4 ( «Half Sector Test» ) October 2016 -February 2017. q. Installation of debuncher, beam test to HST dump in March-April 2017. q. Removal of HST dump and final closing of line, May 2017. q. Reliability run (24/24, 7/7 beam on dump) June-December 2017. q. Interventions, repairs and consolidation in 2018 (DTL repair? , general realignment to compensate for floor movement, upgrade debuncher amplifier, etc. ). q. Connection works to PSB January-July 2019. 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 25

Summary Project generally well on track for cost and schedule; • Commissioning although not finished yet has shown no issues to accelerating to 160 Me. V and chopping the beam according to PSB needs; • Beam intensity within the RFQ acceptance should be further improved; • Reliability run is key. • 17 -19 October 2016 LIU / HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Review LINAC 4 : Alessandra Lombardi BE/ABP 26