Lecture 2 Computer development history Topic History of
- Slides: 27
Lecture 2 Computer development history
Topic • History of computer development • Computer generation • Programming language
History of Computer Development Charles Babbage • Design first modern computer • Invent – difference engine – Analytical Engine (main part of copmuter system)
History of Computer Development Count Ada Lovelace • First programmer • Assist in developing instruction for Babbage device computation
History of Computer Development Herman Hollerith • Develop first computer using electrical power • Founder of electronic punch card
History of Computer Development John V. Atanasoff & Clifford Berry • Build first electronically operated digital computer • ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)
History of Computer Development ENIAC (Electronik Numerical Integrator and Calculator) • J. Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert • Main general purpose electronic computer • Used in world war II • Used to solve mathematical problem • Use vacuum tube
History of Computer Development
History of Computer Development UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer) • First generation comercial computer • For scientific and comercial applications • Eckert & Mauchly send first UNIVAC to U. S Census Bureau in 1951.
History of Computer Development
History of Computer Development UNIVAC characteristic • Easier to use compared to ENIAC • Less vacuum tube (more reliable) • Stored program found by John Von Neumann • General purpose • Use machine language
History of Computer Development Apple Computer • Found by Steve Jobbs dan & Steve Wozniak in 1977 • First computer with easy to use screen and keyboard
History of Computer Development
Computer Generation • • • First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation
Computer Generation First Generation • • 1940’s – early 1950’s Vacuum tube as switch Bulky, slow, easily heated Always fail ABC, MARK 1, ENIAC, UNIVAC Stored program concept (Von Neumann) Assembly Language
Computer Generation Second Generation • • • 1950’s – mid 1960 transistor as switch Smaller and faster (x 1000) Less heat, more reliable, cheap The usage of high level language begins DEC-PDP-1
Computer Generation Third Generation • • Late 1960’s Silicon chip as switch Smaller and faster (x 1000) More reliable
Computer Generation Fourth Generation • 1970’s –current • Single processor microchip as switch • Very low cost and afforded by individual
Computer Generation Fifth Generation • Japan founded artificial intelligence in the mid 1990 • Expert system, natural language • Communication and network
HISTORY AND COMPUTER REVOLUTION Generati on Electronic circuit Main Memory Secondary Memory Input 1 Vacuum Tube Magnetic reel -Magnetic reel paper tape Computer Size punch card - printer Room size 30 ton, 1500 kps, 18000 vacuum tube, 140 k/ w punch card - printer Drawer size M agnetic tape 2 transistor 3 Integrated circuit Magnetic core punch card M -keyboard, Magnetic tape, Magneti c disk agnetic tape - Magnetic disk agnetic tape M agnetic disk 4 - Output microprocesso r Semiconduct or circuit -magnetic disk -diskette -magnetic wave keyboard Optical recognition Light pen Graphic tablet Table size -printer video display -printer, video display, audio response Typewriter size
Programming Language Generation Programming Language 1 Machine Language 2 Assembly Language 3 High Level Language 4 Very High Level Language 5 Natural Language
Programming Language Machine language • • Low level language Use number Data and program instruction is 0 and 1(0 n/off) Program written in other language must be changed to machine language before execution
Programming Language Assembly language • Low level • Use mnemonic code, abbreviation • Program written in this language is translated by assembler into machine language program code before execution
Programming Language High Level Language • Exist 1960 • Similar to English • Program written in this language is able to overcome more complex problem/task • Translator is known as compiler which change program to machine language before execution • Commercial application such as C/C++
Example of High Level Language for Displaying “Hello World” • • • Cobol : DISPLAY “Hello World” Basic : PRINT “Hello World” C : printf (“Hello World”); Java : System. out. println(“Hello World”) C++ : cout<< “Hello World”
Programming Language Very High Level Language • Known as 4 GL • Program is written shorthand form • Able to handle hundreds instruction lines (3 rd generation language can handle few lines only) • Example: Query Language
Programming Language Natural Language • Similar to spoken English Language • Natural Language translate human instruction into codes that understandable by computer • Also known as knowledge base language • Interact with knowledge base
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