Jorma Lempinen Principal President of Finnish Principals Organisation

Jorma Lempinen Principal President of Finnish Principals’ Organisation SURE-FIRE General Secretary of European School Heads’ Association FINLAND EDUCATION Finland § 5. 2 million population § 338 000 square kilometers (17 inhabitants/km 2) §EU-member since 1995 Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

Education in Finland: structure § § § § § Voluntary pre-school education (for six-year-olds) Comprehensive basic education (nine years) *10 th grade of basic school (3% of basic school graduates) Upper secondary general education (three years) * 54% of basic school graduates Upper secondary vocational education (three years) * 36% of basic school graduates Polytechnics Universities Adult education Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

THE WAY TO SCHOOL AUTONOMY § Education reform period – – – comprehensive school 1972 – 1982 upper secondary reform 1978 – 1992 tight central steering § two central agencies under the Ministry (Mo. E) § state provincial agencies as regional level § Deregulation and decentralisation started in the middle of 1980 s and strenghtened since 1990 s – – two levels in governance: Mo. E and provincial one National Board of Education (NBE) as an expert organisation Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

LONG TRADITION OF LOCAL AUTONOMY – MUNICIPALITIES § § § § 432 municipalities (average population: 12000) * municipal taxation (16 – 20 % of income) * the State levels the differencies by subsidies * the State funds municipal education system by per pupil/student formula Municipal Education System (local) * voluntary pre-school education (96% coverage) * basic schools (3670 with 580700 pupils) * upper secondary general schools (440 with 110000 students) * vocational institutions (normally owned by Unions of municipalities) Governance at local level * School/School Board (not obligatory) * Education committee * Municipal government and council Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

SCHOOL AUTONOMY – CONTENTS § Curriculum – National Core Curricula by NBE – goals of good learning outcomes in subject themes – Guidelines by the municipality – local orientation – School-based curriculum § free space at lower grades of basic school 10% § free space at upper grades of basic school 20% § free space at upper secondary 25% Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

SCHOOL AUTONOMY – CONTENTS § Profiling of schools by contents § Text books and other materials – Advance approval procedures abolished 1991 – Teachers decide § Pedagogical autonomy of teachers (with M. Sc. Degree) § Schools decide on study group forming, daily work rhytm and other practices § Voluntary participation in national development programs Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

SCHOOL AUTONOMY – RESOURCES § Decisions by principals and School Board – teacher recruiting, school budget, school-specific curriculum, annual work plan, school regulations § Annual work plan and budget – No national regulation of class sizes – Maximum number of teaching hours (according to a formula) by education committee of the municipality § Budget – Teacher salaries and frame for other expenditure according to formulas § Recruitment of teachers and staff – Acted qualifications – Principal and School Board Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE FINNISH EDUCATION SYSTEM § Trust on schools, principals, teachers and pupils/students § Influence of the local community § Comprehensive basic school with extensive special and remedial teaching § Limited competition between basic schools § Heavy competition between schools after that – covering the entire country – Schools compete for best youngsters – Youngsters compete for best study places Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

ACCOUNTABILITY –FOLLOW-UP OF RESULTS § No national examination after basic school § National matriculation examination – final examination after upper secondary general school § No inspection of schools § Mandatory self-evaluation of schools Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

ACCOUNTABILITY –FOLLOW-UP OF RESULTS § National evaluation system – NBE evaluates learning outcomes on a sample basis (5 – 10% of pupils, also selling of tests) – Evaluation Council organises thematic evaluations § Schools receive their result profile and the average profiles of tested schools § No ranking lists – evaluation is for development Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

Finnish Heads’ Association SURE-FIRE The professional ethics rules governing school heads §”Schoolleadership is to gain both hearts and minds” Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

The professional ethics rules governing school heads § 1. The head is familiar with the goals set by society for education and strives towards attaining them. § 2. The head respects the uniqueness, inviolability and equality of every member of the work community. § 3. The head is responsible for seeing to it that the viewpoint of the pupil/student is valued. § 4. The head is responsible for the safety of the working environment. § 5. The head seeks to develop his/her professional knowledge and skills and to raise the esteem of the profession. § 6. The head is in charge of the running of the school. Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

We know we are in a good school when the following things obtain: § Teachers talk about teaching and learning § Teachers observe each other’s practice § Teachers plan, organise, deliver, monitor and evaluate their work together § Teachers teach others Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

Beyond Finnish success… § § § § Some international benchmarking Top ranking in Pisa 2000 and 2003 Total number of lessons in comprehensive school 100 hours lower than OECD average Share of upper secondary graduates 90% (OECD 82%) Average schooling time of males 18. 5 years (OECD 16. 6), of females 20 years (OECD 17. 2) One of the highest enrolment rates in higher education 57% participation in adult education (1. among OECD countries) Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

… § WHO: Finnish pupils make least homework and feel uncomfortable in schools § The salaries of teachers at average level § Pupil/teacher ratio 16 (Korea 31, UK 20, Italy. Denmark-Hungary 11) § 38% of teachers over 50 years old (OECD 32%) § class size (grades 7 -9) 19. 9 – OECD average 23. 6 § GDP share of education 5. 8% (Korea 8. 2%, Denmark 7. 1%) § The share of private funding 4% Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

Why did Finland do so well in PISA? § Equal opportunities for education irrespective of domicile, sex, economic situation or mother tongue § Regional accessibility of education § No separation of sexes § Comprehensive, nonselective basic education § Supportive and flexible administration – centralised steering of the whole, local implementation § Interactive, co-operative way of working at all levels; idea of partnership § Individual support for learning and welfare of pupils Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

… § Development-oriented § Highly qualified, evaluation and pupil autonomous teachers assessment – no § Socio-constructivist testing, no ranking lists learning conception Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

The change of the management culture § § § Authoritarian culture - Briefing - Issue of orders (Imperative) § - Motivation § - Control § - Regulations § § § Participation culture - Feed back, reflection - Internal information (service) - Commitment - Follow-up, assessment - The rules of the game Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

The system of pedagogical supervision § Decicion-making in education in Finland – Comprehensive school: § Parlament (law): structure and length of education, the number of lessons for pupils, working days of the schools, certificate formula § Government: subject and division of lessons § Ministry of Education: student fee § National Board of Education: curriculum (the basis, frames) § Municipality: foundation of school, subject and division of lessons, textbooks, delegation, nomination of schoolheads and teachers (qualifications in statutes), further training of teachers § Head of School: nomination of teachers § School: school-based curriculum, leaving certificate § Parents: choice of the school (right to nearest school)

… § General upper secondary school – Parlament (law): structure and length of education, certificate formula – Government: subject and division of lessons – Ministry of Education: student fee – National Board of Education: curriculum (the basis, frames) – The Board of Matriculum Examination: leaving certificate – Municipality: foundation of a school, number of students, working days of the school, delegation, nomination of schoolheads and teachers, further training of teachers – Head of School: nomination of teachers – School: school-based curriculum, textbooks, the number of lessons for pupils, leaving cerficate – Students: choice of the school Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

Support of leadership in schools § Leadership in developing school – – – Organisation of teams Shared leadership (headmaster, deputy headmaster) The work and role of a headmaster - authority and responsibility - laws and statutes, municipal instructions - qualification and experience in teaching - multiple skilled: a willingness to learn, networking, own mental and psychical strength - further training - staff leadership, pedagogical leadership, administrative leadership Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

Inner management in schools § School as an organisation of experts – Creating a positive atmosphere – The appreciation of and respect for a colleque’s work – Teams The roles of leader: - The present: provider, guide, implementor - The future: inspirerer, forerunner, developer Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone

Parent’s participation and influence on school life § Parental involvement – Cooperation between schools and homes (homeroom teachers) – Parent’s meetings – Parental representation in the School Board Prezentacja dla I Kongresu Zarządzania Oświatą, OSKKO, Łódź, 27 -29. 06. www. oskko. edu. pl/kongres/ prawa zastrzeżone