IOTA Proton Injector Dean Chip Edstrom ADOps Talk

IOTA Proton Injector Dean (Chip) Edstrom AD/Ops Talk 07/10/2020

The IOTA Proton Injector – An Overview Our Goal: Build a short linac to inject protons into IOTA Parameters & Timing: Current Lattice (300 – 325): N: Dxxx : Bend N: H/V/Kxxx : Corrector N: Qxxx : Quad N: D 604 N: GVxxx : Gate Valve N: ESAxxx : Allison Scanner* N: ESxxxx : Scanning Wire* N: Txxx : Toroid N: Bxxx : BPM 2 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

Why Protons (or Heavier Ions) in IOTA? Mitigation of Space-Charge Effects Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) Electron Lens Electron Column … 3 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

A Brief History of the IOTA Proton Injector… • Proton Driver Rebranded to Project X – High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) is established at MDB – HINS concludes 2012 – Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) is established at CMTF – Usable components are appropriated from HINS • Remainder of HINS is given to FAST (2015) – 50 k. V Duoplasmatron source – 325 MHz RFQ with broken cooling loop – Buncher cavities – A few magnets and power supplies fig 1: pxie • Meanwhile… – The Proton Improvement Plan, phase 2 (PIP-II) is formalized – PXIE rebranded the Injector Test (PIP-II IT) 4 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

A Brief History of the IOTA Proton Injector… – IOTA Proton Injector work begins at MDB (2015) 5 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

A Brief History of the IOTA Proton Injector… – Source restored to operational condition (May 2017) • New vacuum components (turbo pumps/controllers) • New LEBT solenoid supplies • New-ish HV electronics rack and other ground station electronics – Issues with sparking • July 2017: Malfunction in the source rack • Dec 2017: Failure while attempting 50 k. V – No clear diagnosis – Work halted in favor of focus on initial IOTA runs – HINS Cave Dismantled in 2019 • All remaining usable components moved to NML – – 6 Source completely dismantled at NML and cleaned RFQ preliminary testing for frequency drift for projected operational conditions Buncher cavities tested Spare HINS 325 MHz klystron brought out of storage and moved to NML 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

IOTA Proton Injector – Proton Source & LEBT 50 k. V Duoplasmatron Source – – – Based on Loma Linda 30 k. V source Configurable for H- or Proton Cleaned Fall 2019 by H- personnel New Stand & HV Enclosure To be run in cave or in NML Gallery Adding fast switch to the extractor supply The LEBT Lattice – – (aka ‘The Great Unknown’) HINS LEBT was as short as possible Minimal fabrication (using old HINS components) LEBT Alternatives: Straight vs Bent • 7 Maybe pursue both? 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

IOTA Proton Injector – LEBT • Dual-plane scraper assembly from PIP-II IT. This was affectionately referred to as the ‘Frankenstein Scraper’, due to the tinkering that was required early in its life. It reportedly worked reliably once initial issues were resolved. 8 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

IOTA Proton Injector – Hydrogen Safety Working with Hydrogen Safety Committee – Two running modes: • Studies in the NML Gallery • Running in the FAST Enclosure – Hydrogen sensor is especially sensitive • Alternative solution through air-flow monitoring: 9 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

IOTA Proton Injector – Filament Activation Bell Jar Station at ESB – Filament activation inconsistencies • Coating technique still under development • Infrequent: few and far between • Manual HV sets on modified supply – New tools to remove inconsistencies • • 10 New HV power supply (controlled via PLC) Camera for spectral analysis Planned integration into existing sequence Continue refining coating procedure 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

IOTA Proton Injector – MEBT Component Status RFQ: Testing in progress, but looks good so far Buncher Cavity: In need of certification / cleaning MEBT Magnets: Accounted for, staged in cave Scanning Wires: Unusable… Alternative solution? Stands: Some modifications required BPMs: Working on specification Differential Pumping Section: Specific Location Needed Other Vacuum: Components in-hand / identified 11 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

IOTA Proton Injector – HLRF Build-Out 12 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

IOTA Proton Injector – HLRF Build-Out 13 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

What’s Wrong with the RFQ? The Bane of HINS – Damaged cooling coil prohibited long-pulse operation… �� – Not (as big of) a problem for short pulse • ~7 k. Hz / Hr @ 120 W CW 14 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

RF Component Status Klystron: In place… Conditioning needed Modulator: In place Charging Supply: In progress at A 0 LLRF: Out for bid (likely delayed) Slow Protection: PLC electronics in-hand Fast Protection: VME Electronics from A 0 in-hand Components: – Circulator: Tested – Variable Tap: Tested – Switch: In-hand 15 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

LLRF Spec: Description A Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) front end for the IOTA Proton Injector 325 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) with baseline specification is as follows: – Center Frequency: 325 MHz with a +/- 500 k. Hz range – Phase/Amplitude Stability: 1 Deg / 1% – RF Pulse: Tunable in the range of 10 microseconds to 100 microseconds (≤ 10 us to ≥ 100 us, 60 us nominal) in 0. 1 us steps or better – Beam Pulse: 10 ns to 20 us (1. 77 us nominal) – Repetition rate: 5 Hz to 0. 2 Hz (1 Hz nominal) – Timing: External TTL gate pulse – Beam Marker: External TTL gate pulse (this may not be necessary- beam loading is not expected to be a major consideration, but the signal will be available as synchronous injection into IOTA will require it for the proton source timing) – Interlocks: Input & Output TTL Level – Number of cavities: 1* (RFQ on closed loop, Buncher run open loop) – Controls interface: EPICS 7 IOC preferred – Delivery (soft) deadline: Sept 30, 2020 – Extras: On-site setup and training 16 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

Upcoming ‘Plan’ * • Source Stand & HV Cabinet – Iridite Coating – Complete! – Source assembly (July/Aug 2020) – Hydrogen safety (by the end of assembly) – Commissioning in NML Gallery (Sept/Oct 2020) • Contingent on HLRF electrical fixed price contract • Fixed Price Contracts: – HLRF Build-Out • Electrical (Aug/Sept 2020)… • Water (Aug/Sept 2020)… – Cave Electrical Buildout • Cable Pulls to NML and ESB (Aug/Sept 2020) 17 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

Upcoming ‘Plan’ * • HLRF Electrical work (Oct/Nov 2020) – Requires completion of the HLRF buildout • Klystron/Cavity Conditioning (Nov/Dec 2020) – Could be performed using frequency generator if LLRF is not yet ready • Beamline component installation, alignment (Sep ‘ 20 -Jun ‘ 21) – Requires: • • An LEBT Lattice BPMs built All stands in hand All other necessary machining complete – Includes component installation, vacuum, water, power, control, etc for FAST cave elements – Allowing for OSC Run in IOTA – Limited Cave Access • Beamline Commissioning: Summer 2021 * In a very-nearly-perfect world. 18 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector

Summary • We’re building the IOTA Proton Injector at FAST • It’s based on former HINS components • The RFQ will be problematic • Significant work remains • We must play nice with OSC • Thanks for listening! • Any questions? 19 2/27/2021 Edstrom | IOTA Proton Injector