In your own words define chemistry Give 2

In your own words, define chemistry Give 2 examples of things you did yesterday that involved chemistry

Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

1. 1 Chemistry n Matter is anything that has ______ and takes up _______. n What is Chemistry? *Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events.

Areas of Study n Five traditional areas of study: 1. Organic Chemistry – Study of chem. containing carbon 2. Inorganic Chemistry-no carbon/found mainly in non-living things 3. Biochemistry-study of processes that take place in organisms (muscle contraction, digestion) 4. Analytical Chemistry-composition of matter 5. Physical Chemistry-mechanism, rate, energy transfer that occurs when matter changes

Pure and Applied Chemistry n n n Pure chemistry-the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake Applied chemistry-research that is directed toward a practical goal or application *Pure research can lead to an application, but an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works. Example: Nylon, Aspirin, Technology

Why should we study chemistry? n. Explain the natural world n. Prepare n. Be for a career an informed citizen Knowledge

1. 2 Chemistry Far and Wide n Chemists design materials to fit specific needs n Often inspired by nature (burrs/cloth) *Macroscopic world *Microscopic world

What impact do chemists have on… Energy n Medicine and Biotechnology n Agriculture n The Environment n The Universe n

Energy n Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve energy, produce energy, and store energy. Conservation? Production? Storage?

Medicine and Biotechnology n Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients.

Agriculture n Chemists help to develop more productive crops and safer, more effective ways to protect crops.

The Environment n Chemists help to identify pollutants and prevent pollution.

The Universe n Chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth.

1. 3 Thinking Like a Scientist

n Chemistry – Alchemy (Alchemists developed the tools and techniques for working with chemicals) n Antoine Lavoisier (late 1700 s) helped transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement it is today. (O 2 required for a material to burn)

The Scientific Method A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem 1. State the problem 2. Collect background information/Research 3. Hypothesis – able to test 4. Experiment – variables/control 5. Make observations/Data collection 6. Conclusion-accept or reject hypothesis 7. Publish results n

Experiment n n Procedure used to test a hypothesis Variables/factors that can change a. Independent variable (manipulated) – the variable that you ______ during an experiment b. Dependent variable (responding) – the variable that is _________ during the experiment *the experiment must produce the same result no matter how many times it is repeated, or by whom…the importance of publishing procedure with results

Theory A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations (ex: MO, VSEPR p. 232) *Can a theory change? n Scientific Law -a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments (The Gas Laws p. 418) When can a hypothesis become a theory?

n Why are collaboration and communication important? n How has communication among scientists changed over time?

1. 4 Problem Solving in Chem n Develop a plan and implement n Analyze, calculate, evaluate n See sample problem 1. 1 (p. 30)

Question n Does the amount of sleep a student gets affect how well he/she does in school?