Manifest Destiny America Expands Westward In your own

Manifest Destiny America Expands Westward

§ In your own words, what is “destiny? ” § The definition of “manifest” is: – Clear or apparent § In the mid-1800 s, Americans believed they had a clear destiny to expand across the continent, from sea to shining sea “Eastward I go only by force, but westward I go free. ”- Henry David Thoreau

Write this on a piece of paper that will become your “Manifest Destiny DBQ”! Other Reasons for Westward Expansion: §Escape religious persecution §Find new markets for trade §Claim land for farming, ranching, and mining §Locate Pacific harbors §Spread democracy!

Writing a DBQ § A DBQ is a Document-Based Question § You must read analyze primary/secondary source documents to help answer a historical question § After reading the documents, you develop an argument (thesis) to answer the question § The point is to show that you can read analyze documents and DEFEND YOUR ARGUMENT! § These are designed to be about 5 paragraphs…. We will start with just planning, then 3, then 5!

Manifest Destiny DBQ Planning § The Question § Thesis – A thesis is the main ARGUMENT of the paper – How can you make a historical argument? § Introduction – This includes background information about your topic – (In this case, you need to address how/why Manifest Destiny developed in America in the 1800 s) § 3 Points – This essay lays them out for you – For each point, you need to include solid information FROM THE DOCUMENTS and from your PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE to support your argument – In your planning, write bullet points for now but include PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS (see the board) § The Conclusion (This will come later…)

How are these ideas of “Manifest Destiny” reflected in the following pieces of artwork? “American Progress” by John Gast

§ “Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way” by Emanuel Leutze

Sectional Differences Emerge §Missouri Territory applies for statehood §Why is this a problem? §There an equal number of slave/free states, Missouri would tip the balance §Henry Clay – Missouri Compromise (1820) §Missouri = slave §Maine = free (split from Massachusetts) § 36 -30 line: north= free, south = slave

Missouri Compromise

Texan Independence Primary Source Activity § For Documents A-D answer the following questions (COMPLETE SENTENCES!): – Who wrote it? (Name, Mexican or American, Date) – According to this document, why did Texans decide to declare independence in 1836? – Do you trust the perspective of this document? Why or why not? § Conclusion: Based on all 4 documents, do you think the Texans were justified in declaring independence?

Expansion, Conflict, & War in Texas Sam Houston “Remember the Alamo!”

Expansion & Conflict in Texas § 1. Why did Mexico want Americans to settle in Texas? § To help defend and develop the province economically § 2. Why did Americans want to settle in Texas? § Abundant, cheap, fertile land with a small population

3. What brought American settlers into conflict with the Mexican government? § They did not convert to Roman Catholicism (remained Protestants) & they ignored Mexico’s ban on slavery 4. What happened at the Alamo? § Texas rebelled against Mexican rule § Santa Anna attacks the Alamo to put down the rebellion § 12 days of fighting, Mexico wins, then kills every prisoner; “Remember the Alamo!” * Video

§ 5. Why was the U. S. at first reluctant to annex Texas? § Northern Democrats did not want to add another big, powerful slave state

§ 6. What promises did Polk make to help him win the election (of 1844)? § To make Northern Democrats happy, he promises to get all of Oregon from Great Britain or go to war; *“ 54 -40 or Fight!”* Why did Polk need to satisfy the interests of Northerners specifically? 54 Line

§ 7. What did Polk do that left many Northern Democrats feeling betrayed? § To avoid war with Great Britain, Polk compromised on Oregon in order to fight Mexico (British kept what became British Columbia)

The Mexican-American War 1846 -1848

America Achieves Manifest Destiny The Gadsden Purchase, the Wilmot Proviso, and the California Gold Rush EQ: How did America achieve its “Manifest Destiny? ”

§ § § What formally ended the Mexican-American War? Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Mexican Cession) US adds 1. 2 million square miles Mexico was humiliated by the treaty, bitter toward US for many years

§ US added more territory with the Gadsden Purchase (1853) § Bought from Mexico, consisted of the southern parts of Arizona & New Mexico § Needed to run transcontinental RR How is this further contributing to Manifest Destiny?

§ What issue continued to divide the nation? – SLAVERY, and its expansion § Whig Congressman David Wilmot proposes the Wilmot Proviso: § Proposed law would ban slavery in all lands won from Mexico § Law DID NOT pass § Lands won from Mexico increased North/South tensions § Proposed in Congress for 15 more didn’t years pass? Why do you think the Wilmot Proviso

§ President James K. Polk = “Expansionist President” § Polk SUPPORTS Manifest Destiny

§ The California Gold Rush § What was it? § Mass migration to California after the discovery of gold in 1848 § Who was involved? § “ 49 ers” = Gold Rush miners § Where did they come from? § Across the US & other Pacific Rim nations (South America, China)

§ The California Gold Rush - Effects § Conditions of the camps § Crowded, poor sanitation, violence § Population boom of… § San Francisco § Groups facing discrimination § Indians, Chinese, & Mexicans; taxed, terrorized

§ The California Gold Rush - Effects § ______ applies for statehood… § California § Increases the debate over… § Slavery § 15 free states, 15 slave § Would later lead to the… § Civil War