Human Computer Interaction Lecture 08 Interaction Paradigms What

Human Computer Interaction Lecture 08 Interaction Paradigms

What are Paradigms • New computing technologies arrive, creating a new perception of the human—computer relationship, giving rise to new paradigm shifts • We can trace some of these shifts in the history of interactive technologies. • History of interactive system design provides paradigms for usable designs

The Initial paradigm • Batch processing Impersonal computing

Example Paradigm Shifts • Batch processing • Time-sharing Interactive computing

Example Paradigm Shifts • Batch processing • Timesharing • Networking @#$% ! ? ? ? Community computing

Example Paradigm Shifts • • Batch processing C…P… filename dot star… or was Timesharing it R…M? Networking % foo. bar ABORT Graphical displays dumby!!! Move this file here, and copy this to there. Direct manipulation

Example Paradigm Shifts • • • Batch processing Timesharing Networking Graphical display Microprocessor Personal computing

Example Paradigm Shifts • • • Batch processing Timesharing Networking Graphical display Microprocessor WWW Global information

Example Paradigm Shifts • • Batch processing Timesharing Networking Graphical display Microprocessor WWW Ubiquitous Computing • Computing everywhere

Time-Sharing • 1940 s and 1950 s – explosive technological growth • ARPA financed several research centres in this regard • Consequences of these research efforts include the concept of time sharing – single computer supporting multiple users • True human-computer interaction was possible

Video Display Units • More suitable medium than paper or punch cards • First used in military applications • 1962 – Sutherland's Sketchpad (allow users to draw on a screen with a light pen. ) – By changing something on the display screen, it was possible, via sketchpad, to change something in the computer’s memory. • computers for visualizing and manipulating data • Different representations of same data was possible • Computer was made to speak a more human language, rather human being forced to speak more like a computer

Programming toolkits • 1968 NLS/Augment system demonstration – Engelbart adopted a new method to develop very powerful interactive system with relatively impoverished technology of that time. – NLS system was the first to employ the practical use of hypertext links, the mouse, raster-scan video monitors. • the right programming toolkit provides building blocks to produce complex interactive systems • The power of programming toolkits is that small, wellunderstood components can be composed in fixed ways in order to create larger tools.

Personal computing • Enabling productivity for mass novice users • First demonstration of this in 1970 s – Papert's LOGO language for simple graphics programming by children – Based on a model that children could understand – A computer controlled mechanical turtle used for drawing different geometrical shapes

Window systems and the WIMP interface • Humans can pursue more than one task at a time • A personal computer which forced the user through all of the tasks needed to achieve some objective from beginning to end without any diversion was not appropriate • To be an effective partner, a PC needs to support multiple threads of activity simultaneously • A computer system needed to present the context of each activity so that user can distinguish them

Window systems and the WIMP interface • Solution: Separate the physical presentation of different logical threads on display device • The window is the mechanism for these physically and logically separate display spaces • windows, icons, menus and pointers now familiar interaction mechanisms • First appeared in 1981 – Xerox Star first commercial windowing system