Gunpowder Empires Adv World History Adapted from Mrs

Gunpowder Empires Adv. World History Adapted from Mrs. Nowotarski

Objectives § 4. 3. II. B Land empires expanded dramatically in size. (Required examples: Mughals, Ottomans) § 4. 3. III Competition over trade routes, state rivalries, and local resistance all provided significant challenges to state consolidation and expansion (ex. Ottoman-Safavid conflict) § 4. 3. I. A and B Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power (ex. monumental architecture – Mughal, Safavid use of Shiism) § 4. 3. I. C States treated different ethnic and religious groups in ways that utilized their economic contributions while limiting their ability to challenge the authority of the state (ex. Ottoman treatment of non-Muslim subjects) § 4. 3. I. D Recruitment and use of bureaucratic elites, as well as the development of military professionals, became more common among rulers who wanted to maintain centralized control over their populations and resources (ex. Ottoman devshirme) § 4. 3. I. E Rulers used tax farming to generate revenue for territoritial expansion.

Land Based § Self-defense extremely important § Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Russian, Manchu § Relatively large § Expensive § Focused on agriculture and not § industry Many were located in arid & uninhabitable area § Involved in forced labor § no longer in WE Sea Based § Few strategic concerns – defending empire could be costly § Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, French, British § Relatively small § Widely spread out territory from mother country § Self-sufficient -- mercantilism § Settled in in profitable areas § Involved in forced labor § Power was centralized § Collected taxes through tax farming system § § Between 1500 and 1800 had the § largest administrative and economic systems because they were more of a threat to each other § Increasingly brutal Power “divided” amongst lands Benefited from private investors or joint-stock companies

Islamic Empires § 1500 -1800 § Nomadism decreases on the steppes § Urbanization moving in § Switch to gunpowder technology away from mounted warriors § Not left behind, but greater than Europe

Devshirme System § Ottomans required Christians to contribute young boys to be slaves to the Islamic sultan § Received special training, learned Turkish and converted to Islam § Entered civilian administration or military (soldiers: Janissaries)

The Taj Mahal: The Ultimate expression of love, faith, trade, and power (39: 27 to 44: 30)

Greatest Gunpowder Empires § Commonalities § Last a relatively long time (300 -400 years) § Stable boundaries § Impact on religious composition in their territory § See this webpage for more information: http: //www. nipissingu. ca/department/histor y/muhlberger/2805/gunpow. htm

Autopsy of the Gunpowder Empires § The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, by Rembrandt, depicts an autopsy

You will create an autoposy picture of your empire: § Trace ONE of your group members on the poster sheet (use the shortest please ) § Use your completed notes to create a picture which includes: § Nature of the individual during healthier times § External causes of the demise § Internal causes of the demise § You will have tomorrow and HALF of the period Friday to create your body poster.

Examples - Be creative!

§ Make sure your picture includes: § Nature of the individual during healthier times § External causes of the demise § Internal causes of the demise § Name, location (AP Geographic Location AND modern countries), and dates of the empire § You will have 15 minutes on Friday to add anything that you might need to add.

Autopsy Reports § You will fill out autopsy reports for the two corpses you did not construct. § Victim’s Name = Empire § Location of Death = AP Geographic Location § Age = Dates of the Empire § Description = Things that the empire did well AND items from your investigation (aka notes) that are not included on the body diagram. § Internal injuries = number on diagram and then list § External injuries = number on diagram then list § Medical Diagnosis = Key reason that you think that this empire declined and why you believe that this was the “cause of death”

Discussion § Rotate back to your original picture. Remain with your group. § What are the key similarities that you see between the three corpses? § What are the unique characteristics of each empire that we should be aware of?

Extension: Crash Course 2. 0 § https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=nbu. M 0 a. Jj. Vg. E&index=17&list=PL 8 d. Puua. Lj. Xt. Nj asccl-Wajp. ONGX 3 zo. Y 4 M § Key concept question: § How do we construct our views of history? § Why might multiple views of the same person exist? § Why might our view of history change over time? (AP Skill #4: Historical Interpretation and Synthesis)