FORESTRY EXTENSION SFM 301 S Full marks 50

FORESTRY EXTENSION SFM 301 (S) • Full marks : 50 • Units to study : 9 • Lectures : 40

GENERAL OBJECTIVE ON COMPLETION OF THIS COURSE, STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO Work confidently in rural development activities.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ON COMPLETION OF THIS COURSE, THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO a. Understand concept and principle of forestry extension. b. Communicate and work with rural communities. c. Design and evaluate specific programs for the rural setting d. Conduct a meeting in a community. e. Plan and produce simple extension materials.

TEACHING METHODS a. Power point b. Handouts c. Participatory discussions d. Brain storming

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO EXTENSION EDUCATION (6) a. Definition and concept of extension education b. Importance of extension education c. The basic principles and objectives of extension education

UNIT 1 Definition and concept of extension education The term “Extension” was used by Oxford and Cambridge Universities in England in 1866. The term “Extension education” was first used by Cambridge University in 1873 to describe a particular method of educatin In Latin “Ex” means “Out” and “tensio” means “stretching”. ( so “Extension means “Out stretching” Prof. Vorhee was the first to use the word extension in the context of imparting agricultural information to the farmers

Definition and concept of extension education What is extension ? - Extension means to extend or to spread or to disseminate useful information. - It is an addition that increases area, influence, operation or contents of something. - It is a diffusion of ideas by sharing knowledge or experiences through formal and informal education. - (Extend, spread, disseminate, addition, diffusion --Esdad)

Definition…. . What is an education ? Knowledge or skill acquired by a learning process Process of imparting knowledge and habits through instruction or study Process of changing human behavior through regular teaching or learning Field of study related to pedagogy (art or profession of teaching) (Hence extension education is a process that is concerned in providing knowledge, skills and attitudes to the adult villagers to improve their quality of life. )

Definition…. There are various branches of extension education Forestry extension Agriculture extension Horticulture extension Industry extension Family planning extension

Definition…. What is philosophy ? The term philosophy has Greek root. In Greek “Philo” means education and “Sophia” means way of acquiring knowledge It is a system of motivating concepts or principles It is a guiding principle through which an individual performs the activities in life in a particular way It is a body of general principles or laws of a field of knowledge. (Thus philosophy is a set of values or belief system of an individual, which guides his/her way of life)

Definition…. The philosophy of extension education is based on the hypothesis that people are Intelligent, Interested in obtaining new information Keen to utilize the obtained information for their individual and social welfare Basic philosophy of extension education is directed towards “changing the outlook of people by educating them”.

Definition…. Basic philosophy of extension education Self help People’s participation Program change Co-operative effort Democracy Two-way channel of knowledge and experience Creating interest by seeing and doing Voluntary co-operative participation Persuasion and education Never ending

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES OF EXTENSION EDUCATION What is a Principle ? A principle is a statement of policy to guide decision and action in a consistent manner It is a theory that has been tested repeatedly under different condition by many individuals and found to be agreed by all. A principle is fundamental truth and proven fact based on rigorous tests. A principal is a general belief that you have about the way you should behave.

PRINCIPLE……. Hypothesis Any assumption whose validity is yet not established Theory Tested Hypothesis with acceptable assumption Principle Theory tested repeatedly by several individuals with results agreed by all Law � Universally true principle

Principle…. . Principles of extension education are : Principle of Interests and needs Principle of Cultural Differences Principle of Participation Principle of Adaptability Principle of Organization Principle of Co-operation Principle of Leadership Principle of Trained specialist Principle of Satisfaction Principle of Evaluation Principle of Freedom in decision making

Principle…… Objectives of extension education : A. General Objectives i. To raise living standard of the rural people by helping them in optimal use of their natural resources in right direction. ii. To help farmers master new information and develop new skill ( A. T. Mosher ). iii. To raise the knowledge, skill and attitude of the rural people to improve their quality of life.

Principle…. . B. Specific objectives : To educate the rural people to change their mental outlook or to broaden their horizon of thinking To develop responsible leadership in the village and responsive To develop grass root organizations and institutions in the village for the continuous development To provide opportunities to the rural people to develop all their talents and leadership

Principle…. . To make village people self-reliant, responsible, and knowledgeable citizen capable enough to participate in building nation To promote better social, cultural, natural, intellectual, and spiritual environment in the village to improve the quality of life To help to establish peace, security and healthy environment for the continuous development

Importance of extension education Extension is the vehicle for development It means educating people through persuasion, conviction and understanding It identifies needs and interest of the local people Devises educational programs to solve those problems through voluntary participation of the local people Recognizes knowledge and utilizes indigenous

Impor…… Through extension education research results reaches to farmers and farmers problems to research stations Indigenous knowledge gets disseminated from one community to other communities. It bridges the gap between farming community and the research station and also between farmer to farmer which helps in adoption of innovations and new ideas.

Community 1. Community - A community is a group of people, a form of social organization, living in a geographical area and have common interest for the purpose of making living. - A community is a group of people tightly bonded with some kind of social obligation where they develop a sense of belongingness and a potential ability to act together as an entity.

Community development 2. Community Development (CD) - Community development is an integrated activity initiated and carried out by the local community as units of action with or without outside assistance for the betterment of standard of living. - Community Development is a process of change from traditional to progressive ways of living

Community development - It is a method by which people can be assisted to develop themselves on their own capacity and resources. - It is program for accomplishing certain activities in fields and concerning rural people. - It is a movement for progress and prosperity

Extension education VS community development Extension education is an educational technique through which capacity of the community is enhanced to identify the problems and their potential solutions. Community development is any kind of activity or endeavor that is intended for the welfare of community. Community development can be achieved by educating people by enhancing their knowledge, skill and attitudes.

Extension education Vs Community development Extension education is community development. a tool for Extension education is a means where as community development is ends. So extension education and community development are two sides of a coin.

Essential elements of community development United Nations Economic and Social Council summarized the guiding principle of CD as follows : Expressed need of people Integrated approach Changed attitude Better participation of people

Essential elements of community development Local leadership Participation of youth and women Assistance for communities self-help projects for Full use of local organization Economic and social progress at local level necessitates parallel development on a wider national scale