Evaluation carotenoids content in South African potato tomato

Evaluation carotenoids content in South African potato, tomato and wheat cultivars Charlotte Mashaba Eugenia Barros

Introduction • Malnutrition - 50% of deaths in children < 5 • Food insecurities - Community-based intervention projects • Screening for high micronutrient crops © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Carotenoids • • Lipid soluble molecules – produced by plants and photosynthetic organism Disease prevention and reduction Carotenoids Disease/condition References β-carotene, βcryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein Reduce risk of Breast cancer developing by up to 50% Dorgan et al. , 1998; Toniolo et al. , 2001 Lycopene Reduced risk of coronary heart disease Sesso et al. , 2004 Lutein and zeaxanthin Protective role against AMD Gale et al. , 2003 α-carotene, βcryptoxanthin Pro-vitamin A surface linings, bone growth, immune system Semba, 1998 During and Harrison, 2007 Unlu et al. , 2005 © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Choice of Crops • Why them? → Wheat → potato → Tomato © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Objectives • Optimize method • Quick protocol © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Platforms used for analysis Crude extraction • Quantify known carotenoid HPLC © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Results - Standard curves Fig 1 Standard curves to determine carotenoids content © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Potato Crop Cultivar (n=3) Lutein Zeaxanthin Canthaxanthin β-Carotene Lycopene Potato Mondial 0. 265 ± 0. 008 0. 441 ± 0. 01 ND 0. 0201 ± 0. 004 ND BP 1 0. 333 ± 0. 003 0. 120 ± 0. 003 ND 0. 0142 ± 0. 005 ND Salad 10. 801 ± 0. 028 0. 303 ± 0. 008 0. 065 ± 0. 006 28. 940 ± 0. 55 387. 000 ± 5 Roma 10. 867 ± 0. 056 0. 212 ± 0. 001 0. 080± 0. 01 25. 197 ± 1. 37 443. 090 ± 8. 908 Mathabas 0. 544 ± 0. 017 0. 138 ± 0. 004 ND 0. 034± 0. 003 ND Elands 0. 268 ± 0. 017 0. 154± 0. 011 ND ND ND Moni 0. 302± 0. 0339 0. 082± 0. 006 ND ND ND Orania 0. 307± 0. 008 0. 036± 0. 001 ND ND ND Tomato Wheat © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Tomato Crop Cultivar (n=3) Lutein Zeaxanthin Canthaxanthin β-Carotene Lycopene Potato Mondial 0. 265 ± 0. 008 0. 441 ± 0. 01 ND 0. 0201 ± 0. 004 ND BP 1 0. 333 ± 0. 003 0. 120 ± 0. 003 ND 0. 0142 ± 0. 005 ND Salad 10. 801 ± 0. 028 0. 303 ± 0. 008 0. 065 ± 0. 006 28. 940 ± 0. 55 387. 000 ± 5 Roma 10. 867 ± 0. 056 0. 212 ± 0. 001 0. 080± 0. 01 25. 197 ± 1. 37 443. 090 ± 8. 908 Mathabas 0. 544 ± 0. 017 0. 138 ± 0. 004 ND 0. 034± 0. 003 ND Elands 0. 268 ± 0. 017 0. 154± 0. 011 ND ND ND Moni 0. 302± 0. 0339 0. 082± 0. 006 ND ND ND Orania 0. 307± 0. 008 0. 036± 0. 001 ND ND ND Tomato Wheat © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Wheat Crop Cultivar (n=3) Lutein Zeaxanthin Canthaxanthin β-Carotene Lycopene Potato Mondial 0. 265 ± 0. 008 0. 441 ± 0. 01 ND 0. 0201 ± 0. 004 ND BP 1 0. 333 ± 0. 003 0. 120 ± 0. 003 ND 0. 0142 ± 0. 005 ND Salad 10. 801 ± 0. 028 0. 303 ± 0. 008 0. 065 ± 0. 006 28. 940 ± 0. 55 387. 000 ± 5 Roma 10. 867 ± 0. 056 0. 212 ± 0. 001 0. 080± 0. 01 25. 197 ± 1. 37 443. 090 ± 8. 908 Mathabas 0. 544 ± 0. 017 0. 138 ± 0. 004 ND 0. 034± 0. 003 ND Elands 0. 268 ± 0. 017 0. 154± 0. 011 ND ND ND Moni 0. 302± 0. 0339 0. 082± 0. 006 ND ND ND Orania 0. 307± 0. 008 0. 036± 0. 001 ND ND ND Tomato Wheat © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Tomato Chromatograms A Absorb ance Mondial B (m. A U) A BP 1 Absorb ance Rt -Retention time (minutes) ) A (m. AU Bread wheat tr -Retention time (minutes) Roma Absorba nce (m. AU) B B Durum wheat tr -Retention time (minutes) © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Platforms used for analysis Crude extraction • Identify unknown MALDIget pic © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Identification of ‘unknown’ peaks Potato Theoretical mass 574. 4750 596. 4590 598. 4750 Fomula C 40 H 62 O 2 C 42 H 60 O 2 C 42 H 62 O 2 600. 4906 716. 3359 780. 5693 C 42 H 64 O 2 C 40 H 53 Na. O 8 S C 52 H 76 O 5 Tomato Theoretical mass 552. 4331 582. 4073 596. 4593 598. 4022 Matched carotenoid Chloroxanthin Sprilloxanthin Dihydrosprilloxanthin Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin Ketonostoxanthin 3 -Sulfate Siphonaxanthin Formula C 40 H 56 O C 40 H 54 O 3 C 42 H 60 O 2 C 40 H 54 O 4 Wheat Theoretical mass 574. 4750 582. 4073 598. 4022 © CSIR 2007 Fomula C 40 H 62 O 2 C 40 H 54 O 3 C 40 H 54 O 4 www. csir. co. za Matched carotenoid Chloroxanthin 4 -Ketozeaxanthin; Oxosaproxanthin Halocynthiaxanthin; Matched carotenoid Cryptoxanthin Adonixanthin; Sprilloxanthin Ertythroxanthin

Conclusion • Methods used robust → More carotenoids were separated →Sensitive to quantify low amounts → Can be used for more crops →Develop SOP © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Thank you! Acknowledge • Judy Reddy • Dr Stoyan Stoychec

AIM Theoratical mass 534. 4226 536. 4382 540. 4695 542. 4851 550. 4175 552. 4331 568. 428 582. 4073 596. 4593 598. 4022 Formulae C 40 H 54 C 40 H 56 C 40 H 60 C 40 H 62 C 40 H 54 O C 40 H 56 O 2 C 40 H 54 O 3 C 42 H 60 O 2 C 40 H 54 O 4 Matched carotenoid Didehydrolycopene; alhpa/beta -Carotene; Lycopene alhpa/beta/ -Carotene; Lycopene Tetrahydro-beta-Carotene; Tetrahydrolycopene Phytofulene tetradehydolycopene 4 -Keto-gamma-carotene; tetradehydolycopene -cryptoxanthin Zeaxanthin; Lutein; Adonixanthin; Sprilloxanthin Ertythroxanthin © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Current & future work • Analyze more cultivars and increase nutrients © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za

Comparison of Carotenoids content in Mondial and BP 1 potato cultivarss Potato A Mondial Absorbance (m. AU) B BP 1 © CSIR 2007 www. csir. co. za Rt -Retention time (minutes)