ENERGY AND ORGANISMS Organism Groups 1 Autotrophs organisms

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ENERGY AND ORGANISMS Organism Groups 1) Autotrophs - organisms that can make food molecules

ENERGY AND ORGANISMS Organism Groups 1) Autotrophs - organisms that can make food molecules 2) Heterotrophs - organisms that consume food molecules

Chemical Energy 1) Storing Energy - ATP- Adenosine Tri-phosphate - formed by adding a

Chemical Energy 1) Storing Energy - ATP- Adenosine Tri-phosphate - formed by adding a “P” to ADP - ADP- adenosine di-phosphate 2) Releasing Energy - breaking off a “P” from ATP releases energy - this leaves ADP, which can form back into ATP again

ATP & ADP Energy Conversion

ATP & ADP Energy Conversion

Photosynthesis Reactants Products Sunlight Glucose(sugar) Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Water - uses chlorophyll (pigment) to

Photosynthesis Reactants Products Sunlight Glucose(sugar) Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Water - uses chlorophyll (pigment) to absorb sunlight - plants appear green because chlorophyll reflects green light - takes place in the chloroplast Equation 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

Chloroplast Consists of: 1) Thylakoid - location for light reactions 2) Stroma - location

Chloroplast Consists of: 1) Thylakoid - location for light reactions 2) Stroma - location for light independent reactions - a. k. a – Calvin Cycle

Light Reactions (thylakoids) Reactants Sunlight Water Products Oxygen (waste) ATP NADPH * electrons from

Light Reactions (thylakoids) Reactants Sunlight Water Products Oxygen (waste) ATP NADPH * electrons from the breaking of water provide power to create energy molecules.

Light Independent Reactions(stroma) Reactants Carbon Dioxide NADPH ATP Products Sugars (glucose) *Energy molecules combine

Light Independent Reactions(stroma) Reactants Carbon Dioxide NADPH ATP Products Sugars (glucose) *Energy molecules combine “C” from CO 2 to create molecules of sugar

Factors that affect Photosynthesis 1) Amount of sunlight 2) Amount of Water 3) Amount

Factors that affect Photosynthesis 1) Amount of sunlight 2) Amount of Water 3) Amount of CO 2 4) Temperature

Aerobic Respiration - breaking down of food molecules to release energy 3 Steps 1)

Aerobic Respiration - breaking down of food molecules to release energy 3 Steps 1) Glycolysis What? - glucose split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid Where? - outside mitochondria, in cytoplasm Energy? - 2 ATP’s

2) Krebs Cycle What? - pyruvic acid converted to CO 2 & electrons Where?

2) Krebs Cycle What? - pyruvic acid converted to CO 2 & electrons Where? - inside the mitochondria Energy? - 2 ATP’s

3) Electron Transport Chain What? - Electron molecules used to convert ADP into ATP

3) Electron Transport Chain What? - Electron molecules used to convert ADP into ATP Where? - inside the mitochondria Energy? - 32 ATP’s

SUMMARY 1 molecule of glucose = 36 ATP’s

SUMMARY 1 molecule of glucose = 36 ATP’s

What if O 2 is not present? Fermentation - release of energy without oxygen

What if O 2 is not present? Fermentation - release of energy without oxygen 2 Types 1) Alcoholic Fermentation What? - pyruvic acid converts to alcohol & CO 2 Who? - yeast, bacteria Uses? - bread, alcoholic beverages

2) Lactic Acid Fermentation What? - pyruvic acid converts to lactic acid & ATP

2) Lactic Acid Fermentation What? - pyruvic acid converts to lactic acid & ATP Who? - animals Produces? - short term energy - causes muscle soreness, fatigue

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