EE 345 MicroControllers An Overview Prof Ahmad AbuElHaija

EE 345 - Micro-Controllers An Overview Prof. Ahmad Abu-El-Haija haija@just. edu. jo

Acknowledgement n This presentation is a modified version of lecture notes prepared by Dr. Pradondet Nilagupta, Kasetsart University. The latter is also a modified version based upon presentations by Prof. Maciej Ciesielski and Prof. Tilman Wolf, University of Massachusetts Amherst, and original slides from the publisher. Digital System Design 30 October 2020 2

Course Outline n n n n Digital System and Binary Numbers Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates Gate-Level Minimization Combinational Logic Circuits & Design Synchronous Sequential Logic Design Registers and Counters Programmable Interface Controller (PIC) EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 3

Textbook & References n Main Textbook ¡ n M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti , Digital Design 4 th Edition, Prentice Hall 2007 Reference Material ¡ ¡ John F. Wakerly, Digital Design: Principles and Practices 4 th Edition, Prentice Hall 2006 Handout and manual of a Programmable Interface Controller EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 4

Course Assessment n n n Quizzes Two exams Final Exam EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 10% 50% 40% 30 October 2020 5

Attendance Policy n n Students are expected to attend every class and all other scheduled activities related to the course. Students who miss a lecture, must make arrangements with colleagues to obtain any missed material and information. Maximum allowed absence is 10%. Any student who exceeds the 10% limit will be treated as per the prevailing regulations. EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 6

Digital Systems (1/2) n Digital systems operate on discrete elements of information ¡ ¡ ¡ n Numbers (e. g. , pocket calculator) -> “digits” -> “digital” Letters (e. g. , word processor( Pictures (e. g. , digital cameras( Digital systems ¡ ¡ ¡ Cell phone Digital camera Industrial process controller, etc. EE 345 - Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 7

Digital Systems (2/2) n Some systems use continuous information ¡ ¡ n Analog clocks Film cameras For a digital systems to operate on a continuous data, it needs to quantize (digitize) that data first EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 8

Digital Thermostat n n Purpose: control room temperature Digital thermostat ¡ ¡ ¡ Senses temperature and converts it to a digital representation Simple processor compares current and set temperature If too cold, heater circuit is turned on n n EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 OK, but how is the conversion done? How is digital information stored? 9

Digital Audio processing or storage of digital signal (e. g. , MP 3) EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 10

Analog to Digital Recording ADC n n n Microphone converts acoustic waves to electrical energy. It’s a transducer. Analog signal: continuously varying electrical energy of the sound pressure wave. ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) converts analog to digital electrical signal. Digital signal: digital representation of signal in binary numbers. DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) converts digital signal in computer to analog for your headphones. EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 11

Digital Quantization EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 12

The Digital Audio Stream n A series of sample numbers, to be interpreted as instantaneous amplitudes ¡ one number for every tick of the sample clock from previous example: 4 7 5 2 1 3 4 5 7 7 6 5 n n This is what appears in a sound file, along with a header that indicates the sampling rate, bit depth and other things Each number is then converted to binary and stored in a register 100 111 101 010 001 011 100 111 110 101 Memory cell EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 3 -bit register 13

Building blocks of Digital Hardware n Multiple levels of “abstractions” n Digital system n Circuit board n Chip n Logic gate n Transistor EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 14

Computer – What’s Inside? EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 15

Datapath EE 345 – Micro-Controllers 30 October 2020 16