ECE 457 Communication Systems Selin Aviyente Assistant Professor
![ECE 457 Communication Systems Selin Aviyente Assistant Professor ECE Page 1 ECE 457 Communication Systems Selin Aviyente Assistant Professor ECE Page 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-1.jpg)
![Announcements • Class Web Page: http: //www. egr. msu. edu/~aviyente/ECE 457 -05. htm • Announcements • Class Web Page: http: //www. egr. msu. edu/~aviyente/ECE 457 -05. htm •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-2.jpg)
![ECE 457 and ECE 458 • ECE 458 is designed to complement this course. ECE 457 and ECE 458 • ECE 458 is designed to complement this course.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-3.jpg)
![Course Requirements • 2 Midterm Exams (50%) – February 25, April 8 in class Course Requirements • 2 Midterm Exams (50%) – February 25, April 8 in class](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-4.jpg)
![Policies • Cheating in any form will not be tolerated. This includes copying HWs, Policies • Cheating in any form will not be tolerated. This includes copying HWs,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-5.jpg)
![Honors Option • Honor credit option is available • Typical projects have either a Honors Option • Honor credit option is available • Typical projects have either a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-6.jpg)
![Tentative Syllabus • Overview of Communication Systems • Review of Signal Analysis (ECE 366) Tentative Syllabus • Overview of Communication Systems • Review of Signal Analysis (ECE 366)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-7.jpg)
![Communication Systems • A communication system conveys information from its source to a destination. Communication Systems • A communication system conveys information from its source to a destination.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-8.jpg)
![Communication Systems • A communication system is composed of the following: Source Input Transducer Communication Systems • A communication system is composed of the following: Source Input Transducer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-9.jpg)
![Input Transducer • Source: Analog or digital • Example: Speech, music, written text • Input Transducer • Source: Analog or digital • Example: Speech, music, written text •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-10.jpg)
![Transmitter • Couple the message to the channel • Operations: Amplification, Modulation • Modulation Transmitter • Couple the message to the channel • Operations: Amplification, Modulation • Modulation](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-11.jpg)
![Channel • Physical medium that does the transmission • Examples: Air, wires, coaxial cable, Channel • Physical medium that does the transmission • Examples: Air, wires, coaxial cable,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-12.jpg)
![Receiver • Extracts message from the received signal • Operations: Amplification, Demodulation, Filtering • Receiver • Extracts message from the received signal • Operations: Amplification, Demodulation, Filtering •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-13.jpg)
![Output Transducer • Converts electrical signal into the form desired by the system • Output Transducer • Converts electrical signal into the form desired by the system •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-14.jpg)
![Capacity of a Channel • The most important question for a communication channel is Capacity of a Channel • The most important question for a communication channel is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-15.jpg)
![Fundamental Limitations • Therefore, there are two factors that determine the capacity of a Fundamental Limitations • Therefore, there are two factors that determine the capacity of a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-16.jpg)
![Frequency Spectrum • Most precious resource in communications is “frequency spectrum” • The “frequency Frequency Spectrum • Most precious resource in communications is “frequency spectrum” • The “frequency](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-17.jpg)
![Frequency Spectrum • The frequency spectrum has to be managed for a particular physical Frequency Spectrum • The frequency spectrum has to be managed for a particular physical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-18.jpg)
![Frequency Spectrum Example Application AM Radio TV (Channels 26) FM Radio TV (Channels 713) Frequency Spectrum Example Application AM Radio TV (Channels 26) FM Radio TV (Channels 713)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-19.jpg)
![Noise • Internal and External Noise • Internal Noise: Generated by components within a Noise • Internal and External Noise • Internal Noise: Generated by components within a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-20.jpg)
![History of Communications Year Event 1838 Telegraphy (Morse) Telephone (Bell) 1876 1902 1933 Radio History of Communications Year Event 1838 Telegraphy (Morse) Telephone (Bell) 1876 1902 1933 Radio](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-21.jpg)
![History of Communications Year Event 1962 1972 Satellite communication Cellular phone 1985 Fax machines History of Communications Year Event 1962 1972 Satellite communication Cellular phone 1985 Fax machines](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-22.jpg)
- Slides: 22
![ECE 457 Communication Systems Selin Aviyente Assistant Professor ECE Page 1 ECE 457 Communication Systems Selin Aviyente Assistant Professor ECE Page 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-1.jpg)
ECE 457 Communication Systems Selin Aviyente Assistant Professor ECE Page 1
![Announcements Class Web Page http www egr msu eduaviyenteECE 457 05 htm Announcements • Class Web Page: http: //www. egr. msu. edu/~aviyente/ECE 457 -05. htm •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-2.jpg)
Announcements • Class Web Page: http: //www. egr. msu. edu/~aviyente/ECE 457 -05. htm • Lectures: M, W, F 10: 20 -11: 10 a. m. 221 Natural Resources Building • Office Hours: W 11: 30 - 1: 00 pm, Th 9: 3011: 00 am or by e-mail appointment (2210 EB) • Textbook: Principles of Communications, Rodger E. Zimmer and William H. Tranter, John Wiley, 5 th Edition, 2002. Page 2
![ECE 457 and ECE 458 ECE 458 is designed to complement this course ECE 457 and ECE 458 • ECE 458 is designed to complement this course.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-3.jpg)
ECE 457 and ECE 458 • ECE 458 is designed to complement this course. • ECE 458 focuses on providing practical experience. • You will learn material in ECE 457 that is not covered in ECE 458 and vice versa. • No labs this week. • There is no lab manual this year, everything will be online. Page 3
![Course Requirements 2 Midterm Exams 50 February 25 April 8 in class Course Requirements • 2 Midterm Exams (50%) – February 25, April 8 in class](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-4.jpg)
Course Requirements • 2 Midterm Exams (50%) – February 25, April 8 in class • Final Exam, May 3 (30%) • Weekly HW assignments (10%) – Will include MATLAB assignments – HWs should be your own work (no copying!) – Assigned on Fridays due next Friday (except during exam weeks) – No late HWs will be accepted. • Quizzes (10%) – They will be unannounced. – Based on HW questions (10 -15 minutes long) Page 4
![Policies Cheating in any form will not be tolerated This includes copying HWs Policies • Cheating in any form will not be tolerated. This includes copying HWs,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-5.jpg)
Policies • Cheating in any form will not be tolerated. This includes copying HWs, cheating on exams and quizzes. • You are allowed to discuss the HW questions with your friends, and me. • However, you have to write up the homework on your own. • There is no make-up for missed quizzes. • If you have an excuse for not being in class, please e-mail me before class. Page 5
![Honors Option Honor credit option is available Typical projects have either a Honors Option • Honor credit option is available • Typical projects have either a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-6.jpg)
Honors Option • Honor credit option is available • Typical projects have either a software/hardware implementation component and an oral presentation. • Past projects include: – Building a FM transmitter – MATLAB simulation of digital modulation systems. • Please feel free to come and talk to me about your ideas for a possible project. Page 6
![Tentative Syllabus Overview of Communication Systems Review of Signal Analysis ECE 366 Tentative Syllabus • Overview of Communication Systems • Review of Signal Analysis (ECE 366)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-7.jpg)
Tentative Syllabus • Overview of Communication Systems • Review of Signal Analysis (ECE 366) • Deterministic Modulation – Linear (DSB, AM, SSB, VSB) – Angle Modulation (FM, PM) • Review of Probability and Random Processes • Noise in Modulation Systems • Digital Modulation (as time permits) Page 7
![Communication Systems A communication system conveys information from its source to a destination Communication Systems • A communication system conveys information from its source to a destination.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-8.jpg)
Communication Systems • A communication system conveys information from its source to a destination. • Examples: – – – Telephone TV Radio Cell phone PDA Satellite Page 8
![Communication Systems A communication system is composed of the following Source Input Transducer Communication Systems • A communication system is composed of the following: Source Input Transducer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-9.jpg)
Communication Systems • A communication system is composed of the following: Source Input Transducer Transmitter Channel Receiver Output Transducer Page 9
![Input Transducer Source Analog or digital Example Speech music written text Input Transducer • Source: Analog or digital • Example: Speech, music, written text •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-10.jpg)
Input Transducer • Source: Analog or digital • Example: Speech, music, written text • Input Transducer: Converts the message produced by a source to a form suitable for the communication system. • Example: Speech waves Microphone Voltage Page 10
![Transmitter Couple the message to the channel Operations Amplification Modulation Modulation Transmitter • Couple the message to the channel • Operations: Amplification, Modulation • Modulation](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-11.jpg)
Transmitter • Couple the message to the channel • Operations: Amplification, Modulation • Modulation encodes message into amplitude, phase or frequency of carrier signal (AM, PM, FM) • Advantages: – Reduce noise and interference – Multiplexing – Channel Assignment • Examples: TV station, radio station, web server Page 11
![Channel Physical medium that does the transmission Examples Air wires coaxial cable Channel • Physical medium that does the transmission • Examples: Air, wires, coaxial cable,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-12.jpg)
Channel • Physical medium that does the transmission • Examples: Air, wires, coaxial cable, radio wave, laser beam, fiber optic cable • Every channel introduces some amount of distortion, noise and interference Page 12
![Receiver Extracts message from the received signal Operations Amplification Demodulation Filtering Receiver • Extracts message from the received signal • Operations: Amplification, Demodulation, Filtering •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-13.jpg)
Receiver • Extracts message from the received signal • Operations: Amplification, Demodulation, Filtering • Goal: The receiver output is a scaled, possibly delayed version of the message signal (ideal transmission) • Examples: TV set, radio, web client Page 13
![Output Transducer Converts electrical signal into the form desired by the system Output Transducer • Converts electrical signal into the form desired by the system •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-14.jpg)
Output Transducer • Converts electrical signal into the form desired by the system • Examples: Loudspeakers, PC Page 14
![Capacity of a Channel The most important question for a communication channel is Capacity of a Channel • The most important question for a communication channel is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-15.jpg)
Capacity of a Channel • The most important question for a communication channel is the maximum rate at which it can transfer information. • There is a theoretical maximum rate at which information passes error free over the channel, called the channel capacity C. • The famous Hartley-Shannon Law states that the channel capacity C is given by: C=B*log(1+(S/N)) b/s where B is the bandwidth, S/N is the signal-to-noise ratio. Page 15
![Fundamental Limitations Therefore there are two factors that determine the capacity of a Fundamental Limitations • Therefore, there are two factors that determine the capacity of a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-16.jpg)
Fundamental Limitations • Therefore, there are two factors that determine the capacity of a channel: – Bandwidth – Noise Page 16
![Frequency Spectrum Most precious resource in communications is frequency spectrum The frequency Frequency Spectrum • Most precious resource in communications is “frequency spectrum” • The “frequency](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-17.jpg)
Frequency Spectrum • Most precious resource in communications is “frequency spectrum” • The “frequency spectrum” has to be shared by a large number of users and applications: • AM Radio, FM Radio, TV, cellular telephony, wireless local-area-networks, satellite, air traffic control Page 17
![Frequency Spectrum The frequency spectrum has to be managed for a particular physical Frequency Spectrum • The frequency spectrum has to be managed for a particular physical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-18.jpg)
Frequency Spectrum • The frequency spectrum has to be managed for a particular physical medium • The spectrum for “over-the-air” communications is allocated by international communications organization • International Telecommunications Union (ITU) • Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designates and licenses frequency bands in the US. Page 18
![Frequency Spectrum Example Application AM Radio TV Channels 26 FM Radio TV Channels 713 Frequency Spectrum Example Application AM Radio TV (Channels 26) FM Radio TV (Channels 713)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-19.jpg)
Frequency Spectrum Example Application AM Radio TV (Channels 26) FM Radio TV (Channels 713) Cellular mobile radio Frequency Band 0. 54 -1. 6 MHz 54 -88 MHz 88 -108 MHz 174 -216 MHz 806 -901 MHz Page 19
![Noise Internal and External Noise Internal Noise Generated by components within a Noise • Internal and External Noise • Internal Noise: Generated by components within a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-20.jpg)
Noise • Internal and External Noise • Internal Noise: Generated by components within a communication system (thermal noise) • External Noise: – Atmospheric noise (electrical discharges) – Man-made noise (ignition noise) – Interference (multiple transmission paths) Page 20
![History of Communications Year Event 1838 Telegraphy Morse Telephone Bell 1876 1902 1933 Radio History of Communications Year Event 1838 Telegraphy (Morse) Telephone (Bell) 1876 1902 1933 Radio](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-21.jpg)
History of Communications Year Event 1838 Telegraphy (Morse) Telephone (Bell) 1876 1902 1933 Radio transmission (Marconi) FM radio 1936 TV broadcasting 1953 Color TV Page 21
![History of Communications Year Event 1962 1972 Satellite communication Cellular phone 1985 Fax machines History of Communications Year Event 1962 1972 Satellite communication Cellular phone 1985 Fax machines](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/11932d61093aaefcd6e8b1994c5670c5/image-22.jpg)
History of Communications Year Event 1962 1972 Satellite communication Cellular phone 1985 Fax machines 1990 s GPS, HDTV, handheld computers Page 22
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