Earthquake NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Earthquake NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Office of Emergency Preparedness and Response

Overview, Impact and Healthcare/Critical Infrastructure Key Resources (CIKR) 2

Background Information • An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of plates beneath the earth’s surface. • As the rocks move past each other, they occasionally stick along the faults, causing a gradual buildup of energy or strain. • This energy is abruptly released in the form of seismic waves, which travel away from the earthquake’s source. 3

Magnitude, Intensity And Severity Indicator Measurement What does it measure? Magnitude Richter Scale Energy Released Intensity Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) Ground Shaking (Surface Perception) Severity Mercalli Modified Index Damage (MMI) 4

Richter and Mercalli Richter Magnitude Scale 1. 0 to 3. 9 4. 0 to 4. 9 5. 0 to 5. 9 6. 0 to 6. 9 7. 0 and Higher MMI I V VII Typical Maximum MMI I II to III IV to V VI to VII to IX VIII or Higher Damage/Perception 1. Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions 1. Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened 2. Some dishes, windows broken 3. Unstable objects overturned 1. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction 2. Slight to moderate damage in well-built ordinary structures 3. Considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures 5

Peak Ground Acceleration • Most damage and loss caused by an earthquake is directly or indirectly the result of ground shaking. • We can identify the areas, structures, and systems with highest risk and ultimately help reduce those risks. 6 Mapping of geographic distribution of ground shaking (PGA) in New York. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 -SP 02 p. pdf

Seismic History - Northeast Ramapo Fault 7 Earthquakes in the USA Northeast and Canada border area. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 -SP 02 p. pdf

NYC Faults • Mosholu Parkway fault • Dyckman Street fault • Manhattan's 125 th Street fault What does this mean to us? 8 NYC Faults and Disaster Relevant Facilities. Source: http: //nymag. com/news/articles/08/06/Geographyof. Disaster/map. html

NYC Soil Geologic Composition 9 Types of soils in New York. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 -SP 02 p. pdf

Manhattan Soil Composition 10 NEHRP Soil classifications in Manhattan. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 -SP 02 p. pdf

Impact 11

Impact – Building Composition 12 Types of buildings in Manhattan. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 -SP 02 p. pdf

Impact – Building Damage 13 Expected Structural Damage in Manhattan. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 -SP 02 p. pdf

Impact – Injuries and Casualties • Why do people get injured? • How are injuries and casualties estimated? • How many injuries and casualties are likely to be recorded? 14 Injuries (Left) and Casualties (Right) Estimates for Different Earthquake Scenarios. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 -SP 02 p. pdf

Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CIKRs) • Assets, systems, networks, and functions—physical or virtual—so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating impact to the country. • Defined by the Department of Homeland Security 15

CIKR – Healthcare & Public Health Toxic Release 16 Hazardous Materials Sites. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 -SP 02 p. pdf

CIKR – Transportation 17 Debris quantity in Manhattan in three different earthquake scenarios. Source: http: //www. nycem. org/techdocs/Final. Report/03 SP 02 p. pdf

CIKR – Water ØCombined sewer system ØThreats: ØHeavy Rainfall ØSnowmelt ØHurricane ØEarthquake Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) ØAging Infrastructure ØVulnerability ØImpact 18 Combined Sewer Overflow. Source: http: //blog. seattlepi. com/capitolhill/2011/04/07/capitol-hill%E 2%80%99 s-sewer-overflow/

CIKR – Water (cont’d) 19 Figure : NYC Sewer Outflows and Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Source: http: //sebagocanoeclub. blogspot. com/2011/07/collective-map-ofsewage-outflowsfyi. html

Challenges & Lessons Observed • Insurance Coverage • Planning for earthquakes is essential in seismically active regions • Develop and maintain an earthquake plan that will be constantly updated • Development of urban search and rescue resources is essential • The need for a fail-safe emergency communication system to manage both information and resources • Lack of standardized emergency management planning policies and operational procedures can worsen the outcome of an event • This is why OEPR with the assistance of subject matter experts have prepared a threat response guide to define DOHMH’s role and responsibilities for an earthquake 20