Diversity of of Diversity Plant and Plant Animal

Diversity of of Diversity Plant and Plant Animal Life Animal

With an amazing diversity of more than 2 million kinds of organisms, there is a need for CLASSIFICATION.

Classification allows us to… • group living organisms systematically according to their common characteristics; • recognise relationships between different living organisms; and • have an easy reference in identifying living organisms.

Organisms are classified into FIVE KINGDOMS

Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates (with no backbone) • Without jointed legs • With jointed legs Vertebrates (with backbone) • • • Fish Reptiles Birds Amphibians Mammals

Invertebrates • Animals without jointed legs Sponges Stinging-cell animals Flatworms Roundworms • Large numbers of pores present on bodies • Sea animals with tentacles and stinging cells • Have flat, ribbonlike bodies • Parasites • Have long, cylindrical bodies with pointed ends • Many are parasites • • • E. g. tapeworms, liverflukes • E. g. pinworms, ascaris E. g. sponges E. g. jellyfish

Invertebrates • Animals without jointed legs Segmented worms Molluscs (shelled animals) Spiny-skinned animals • Bodies are divided into segments or parts • Found in a variety of environments • Soft bodies may be covered by a shell • Use muscular movement • Bodies are radially symmetrical with five-part body design • Found only in oceans • Move with tube feet • E. g. earthworms, leeches • • E. g. starfish, basket stars E. g. snails, octopuses

Invertebrates • ) Animals with jointed legs (Arthropods) With 3 pairs of legs (insects) With four pairs of legs (arachnids) With more than four pairs of legs • Bodies are divided into segments or parts • Bodies are covered with a exoskeleton (a hard substance that keeps the shape of the animals) • E. g. butterflies, beetles, termites, houseflies • E. g. spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks • E. g. millipedes, centipedes, prawns, crabs

Vertebrates Fish • • • Amphibians Cold-blooded Bodies are often covered by scales Breathe using gills Live in fresh water or sea water • • E. g. groupers, sea dragons, stingrays • • • Reptiles Cold-blooded Bodies are covered by moist skin with no scales Breathe through lungs Live partly on land in water • • E. g. toads, salamanders, frogs • • • Birds Cold-blooded Bodies are covered with dry skin, and covered with horny scales Breathe through lungs Live on land • • E. g. monitor lizards, crocodiles, tortoises • • Mammals Warm-blooded Have beaks and feathers Have wings but not all can fly Breathe through lungs Lay eggs with shells • • E. g. ducks, chickens, penguins • • • Warm-blooded Bodies are covered with hair Breathe through lungs Most give birth to live young E. g. human beings, cats, chimpanzees

Kingdom Plantae Flowering plants Non-flowering plants

Flowering plants • Have roots, stems and leaves • Reproduce by seeds • Produce seedbearing fruits

Non-flowering plants Mosses and liverworts Ferns Gymnosperms • Have no true roots, stems or leaves • Reproduce by spores • Spores are found in capsules • Have roots, stems and leaves • Reproduce by spores • Spores are found on the underside of leaves • Have roots, stems and leaves (needle-like) • Reproduce by seeds • Seeds are not found in fruits, by in cones • E. g. Red moss, Leucobryum glaoum, Diphyscium foliosum • E. g. Stag’s horn fern, Bird’s nest fern • E. g. pine, white spruce

Dichotomous Key • • • Classifies objects or organisms based on observable features Splits a group into two contrasting groups each time it branches out Can be used to identify organisms

Miscellaneous • http: //www. 101 science. com/Taxonomy. ht m • http: //www. nbrcnparks. org/ • http: //rmbr. nus. edu. sg/