Developmental Psychology Development Across the Life Span Early
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Developmental Psychology Development Across the Life Span ØEarly childhood ØMiddle childhood Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 33
Developmental Psychology Development Across the Life Span q. Early Childhood Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 34
Developmental Psychology Early childhood Early Childhood � Lasts 2 to 7 years of age Ø growth less rapid than during infancy Ø Children in preoperational stage show egocentric thought Ø Animism Ø Language Proficiency 35
Developmental Psychology Early childhood ØPhysical development ØMotor development ØLanguage development ØCognitive development ØEmotional and social development Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 36
Developmental Psychology Early childhood Physical development Ø Increase in weight as a result of muscles growth, especially among males (At the end of this stage weight up to seven times what it was at birth) Increase in bone growth leads to a shift in the shape from an infant to toddler Ø Temporary tooth growth is completed Ø (Temporary tooth loss at the end of this stage, announcing the beginning of the appearance of permanent teeth) Ø Continuation of the nervous system growth ahead in its growth on other systems Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 37
Early childhood Developmental Psychology Motor development Motion Age in years ØEasily running ØEasily jumping ØEasily standing ØWash his hands alone 3 years ØEating with a spoon ØGo to toilet alone ØJumping from a high place ØUsing the arm only in throwing 4 years ØGood balance 5 years ØCoordination between hands & eyes ØControlling of the minute muscle 6 -7 years ØRiding a Tricycles – Swimming - Dancing Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 38
Early childhood Developmental Psychology Language development Age in years Ø 2. 5 years Ø 3 years Ø 4 years Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Word count 50 400 1000 >>>> Sentence 2 Words 3 Words 4 Words Language Proficiency 39
Early childhood Developmental Psychology Cognitive development ØPreoperational stage – children sometimes think illogically by adult standards � Animistic Thinking � Egocentrism � Conservation Problems � Intuitive Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed Thinking (Guessing solution based on what shown by the senses) 40
Developmental Psychology Early childhood Emotional and social development ØMost notable social changes in: ◦ Independence ◦ Simulate the role of the father and mother ◦ Peer relationships and types of play: �Solitary play �Parallel play �Cooperative play Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 41
Early childhood Developmental Psychology Early Childhood Cooperative play ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ Parallel play ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ Solitary play ﻓﺮﺩﻱ 42
Developmental Psychology Early childhood Emotional and social development ØMost notable emotional changes in: ◦ Development in emotion from public to private ◦ Increase positive emotions ◦ Lack of negative emotions (Crying - Anger) ◦ Decrease the feeling of fear ◦ Control emotions and impulses ◦ Autonomy vs. shame / doubt Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 43
Developmental Psychology Middle Childhood Ø Lasts from 7 to 11 years of age Ø Characterized by slow physical growth Ø Concrete operational stage – increased abilities Ø Important cognitive changes occur Ø Use of Compound sentences 44
Developmental Psychology Middle childhood Middle Childhood ØPhysical development ØMotor development ØLanguage development ØCognitive development ØEmotional and social development Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 45
Developmental Psychology Middle childhood Physical development Ø Slow physical growth compared to the previous stages Ø At the age of seven total length about 117 cm, weight 21. 6 kg (Males are more in length and weight than females) Ø At the age of ten total length about 152 cm, weight 45 kg (Males are more in length and weight than females, but after this age, the opposite happens) Nervous system is becoming increasingly complex Ø Increases sexual glands growth as a preparation of puberty Ø Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 46
Developmental Psychology Middle childhood Motor development � Controlling of all muscles � Possibility to participate in all kinds of play � Violent play for males Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 47
Developmental Psychology Middle childhood Language development � 2, 500 words at school age � Use of Compound sentences � Use of numbers � Discrimination between vocabulary � Correctly using of tenses Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 48
Developmental Psychology Middle childhood Cognitive development ØConcrete operational stage – increased abilities � Thinking more logically, but it can also be very rigid. � Tending to struggle with abstract and hypothetical concepts. � Less egocentric and beginning to think about how other people might think and feel. � Beginning to understand that their thoughts are unique to them and that not everyone else necessarily shares their thoughts, feelings, and opinions. � Ability to: (Classification – Recall - Flexible thinking – Conclusion). � Child thinking allows conservation problems to be solved. � Reverse thinking. � Increasing the ability to imagine and attention, but it can also few. Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 49
Developmental Psychology Middle childhood Emotional and social development ØMost notable social changes in: ◦ Close ties to parents ◦ Peer relationships become increasingly important ◦ Friendships more important, last longer ◦ Cliques or groups formed, mostly same sex ◦ Terms boyfriend and girlfriend have little meaning at this stage Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 50
Developmental Psychology Middle childhood Emotional and social development ØMost notable emotional changes in: ◦ Calmness and stability in emotions ◦ Control emotions and impulses ◦ Self-control ◦ Industry vs. Inferiority Dr. Mohsen Lotfy Ahmed 51
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