CUDOS Communalism Universalism Disinterestedness Organized skepticism PLACEProperty Local

研究は楽しい CUDOS規範（マートン規範）　 公有性（Communalism) 普遍性(Universalism) 無私性(Disinterestedness) 組織化された懐疑主義(Organized skepticism) 近年PLACE(Property, Local, Authoritarian, Commissioned, Expert）と揶揄されることもある 5

Publish or perish 6

Leiden Ranking The CWTS Leiden Ranking 2015 is based on publications in Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science database (Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index) in the period 2010– 2013. http: //www. leidenranking. com/methodology/datacollection 13

If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. Newton, I. 20

Impact Factor (IF) The journal Impact Factor is the average number of times articles from the journal published in the past two years have been cited in the JCR year. The Impact Factor is calculated by dividing the number of citations in the JCR year by the total number of articles published in the two previous years. An Impact Factor of 1. 0 means that, on average, the articles published one or two year ago have been cited one time. An Impact Factor of 2. 5 means that, on average, the articles published one or two year ago have been cited two and a half times. Citing articles may be from the same journal; most citing articles are from different journals. 23

The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the average number of citations to recent articles published in the journal. It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed to be more important than those with lower ones. The impact factor was devised by Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information. Impact factors are calculated yearly starting from 1975 for those journals that are indexed in the Journal Citation Reports. （Wikipedia） 24

Impact Factorは変動する 30

80 83 19 84 19 85 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 19 82 19 81 19 19 主要誌のインパクトファクター変遷 1980 - 60 50 CELL 40 LANCET 30 NATURE 20 NEW ENGL J MED 10 SCIENCE 0 年

Eugene Garfield 35

インパクトファクターは研究業績評価に使えない Impact factors are widely used to rank and evaluate journals. They also often used inappropriately as surrogates in evaluation exercises. The inventor of the Science Citation Index warns against the indiscriminate use of these data. Eugene Garfield. 　How can impact factors be improved? British Medical Journal. Vol. 313, 1996. p. 411 -413. インパクトファクターは「学術雑誌」の指標であり、研究業績 評価指標ではない。 　　　　インパクトファクターの開発者　ガーフィールド 36