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• Come in and sit down • I will answer any and all questions later • Do not ask questions now

Prof. Ian Chambers Pirates of the Caribbean and Beyond

Wait List

Why Pirates? • I am not • My interest goes back to repeat NOT a my childhood huge fan of • Many, many years ago in the movies • If that is what England a cartoon called you expect you will be • Captain Pugwash disappointed

Captain Pugwash Barnabus Mate Willie Cabin Boy Tom

• What did I learn from this cartoon? • What a pirate is of course • …. or at least what the stereotype of a pirate is

Pirate Identikit 4 Parts of a pirate stereotype • 1) Language • Old English accent • Combination of Cornish and the Bristol brogue • Need to strangulate the vowels • Oh Ahhh = Yes • I be a Pirate that I be = I am a pirate • September 19 th official (? ) talk like a pirate day

• 2) Fashion • Multiple bright colors • Torn ripped and tatty • Tri-corner hat over a bandana • Like a 80 s punk dressed by Vivienne Westwood

• • • 3) Accessories Wooden leg Eye patch Big gold earrings Hook Treasure Map

• 4) Animal companions • Monkey • Dressed, often in a similar fashion • A “Mini Monkey Me” • A Parrot • Always talking • “Pieces of eight” • “Shiver me timbers”

A moment on terminology • Gentlemen Adventurers • Buccaneer • Privateer • Corsair • Pirate • hostis humani generis

The Ship • “For going to sea, is like going to jail, except that at sea you can drown” • Samuel Johnson

Contact details etc. Hist 421 MW 6: 30 – 7: 45 TLC 29 Prof. Ian Chambers chambers@uidaho. edu www. uidaho. edu/~chambers Phone (208)885 -5777 Office Hours MW 3: 00 – 4: 00 pm (and by appointment)

Four main written pieces of work for the class 1) 800 – 1000 word paper based on the movie Captain Kidd and the book by Robert Ritche 2) 800 - 1000 word paper based on the Robert Louis Steven’s Treasure Island the movie Treasure Island

3) A 800 -1000 word proposal for the final research paper. Your proposal should: Provide what information the final paper will contain. Detail the purpose, methods, and scope of the paper. Include a proposed Bibliography of sources for your final paper. 4) 2800 – 3200 word paper Your paper will seek to answer a question to be determined through discussion between yourself and the professor. This is an upper division course, you will be expected to use multiple sources, both primary and secondary, within your paper.

Information for Written Work Internet sources No more than two internet sources can be used All internet sources must be authorized by the Professor – any internet sources not authorized result in a loss of points NO use of Wikipedia at all All quotations must have equivalent amount of explanatory text

Requirements/Grades Your Grades on the written work will reflect + and – However your posted grade will contain only full letter grade A) Paper 1 20% B) Paper 2 20% C) Proposal 15% D) Research Paper 35% E) Class participation 10%

Rules and Regulations Participation grade based upon attendance, completion of reading, and active participation in class discussions. Class may also include a number of pop quizzes, and group work. to ensure that you have both done and understood the reading and also to give an opportunity for an open discussion. In order to ensure that all students, and I, get the full benefit of the class, attendance will be mandatory non attendance will be penalized. I will hand out a number of sign-in sheets during the semester these will be used to asses attendance Your research paper will have a cover page containing a paper title, the word count, and your name. They must also contain correctly cited sources and a bibliography. We will spend time in class discussing formatting.

I operate the “three one’s” system of grade questioning. Students must: Wait ONE day before challenging a grade. Write a minimum of ONE paragraph explaining what within their papers merit a grade change. NO grade can be challenged ONE week after the work is handed back. Late papers will lose one point per minute

Texts Captain Charles Johnson A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates Robert Richie Captain Kidd and the War against Pirates Marcus Rediker Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island

DOCUMENTS AT LIBRARY

Week/ Date Important Notes Topic 1 9 -11 January Intro / Definitions 2 14 -18 January Ancient Piracy 3 21 -25 January 4 28 Jan – 2 Feb 5 4 – 8 February 6 11 -15 February 7 18 -22 February 8 25 -29 February 9 3 - 8 March First Short Paper Due 10 -15 March Spring Break 10 17 -22 March 11 24 -229 March 12 31 Mar – 4 April 13 7 – 11 April 14 15 -18 April 15 Reading NO Class Monday – MLK Day Pirates of the Barbary Coast Queen Elizabeth: Pirate Queen Henry Morgan and the Privateers Captain Kidd NO class Monday –Presidents Day Captain Kidd Movie # 1 End of Privateers move into 18 th C Caribbean /Atlantic History Ritchie complete Paper Proposal Due Literature and Pirates Movie # 2 18 th C Seamen Treasure Island complete Second Short Paper Due Race/Gender and the sea Golden Age Piracy Rediker and Johnson 21 -25 April Golden Age Piracy Rediker and Johnson 16 28 April – 2 May Pop Culture and Pirates 17 May 6 -10 -12 Big Paper Due Final

Piracy in the Graeco-Roman World

• Caribbean neither first or last place where Pirates plied their trade • History is littered with tales of pirates • Today we will turn to the Greeks • Teos, Asia Minor • Inscription defining punishment for several crimes including • Piracy and Bandity or • Sheltering Pirates or Bandits

• Piracy and warfare endemic during the time of the Greeks • Boundaries between legitimate warfare and piratical activities blurred • Piracy could lead to severe punishment and condemnation • But it could also lead to legitimate power and wealth • As with all ages Piracy was often defined by the position of the viewer

• Greek world divided into competing kingdoms and states • Piracy/banditry perennial problem • Gradually competing states linked into larger city-states • Security and growth - Problem

• 8 th and 7 th century BCE • Massive colonizing expedition • Little formal conflict • But increase in the acts of piracy –Both Greek and others • Increased sea trade

• 6 th century • Expedition failed • Seized the Lipari Islands • Attacked by Tyrrhrnian pirates • Developed defensive strategies • Eventually became regions aggressors

Lipari Island – Pirate Utopia? • All land held in common – Apportioned by lot and reapportioned every 20 years • Apportioned work by lot – Some work land, some ships • Produce of land piracy • equally shared among all 10% sent to Delphi – To appease the God Apollo – And to win over Greek public opinion

Polycrates – Pirate tyrant? c. 546 -522 • Aegean Island – Samos • Seized power • Builds fleet and plunders • Friend and foe • Defeated a force sent to destroy him expanded his power base • Takes over numerous islands and cities

Herodotus on Polycrates • “He Had a fleet of a Hundred fifty-oared galleys and a force of thousand bowmen. His plundering raids were widespread and indiscriminate – he used to say that a friend would be more grateful if he gave him back what he had taken than if he had never taken it”

Polycrates and Siphnos • Siphnos – small rich island with gold and silver mines • Asked the oracle at Delphi how long will good fortune last • “when the forehead of their marketplace shone white, then they should beware of the scarlet messenger” • ? ? ?

• Just after the Siphnians had decorated their market place with white marble • Polycrates with his pirate fleet – decorated with red paint and flags • Demanded a ‘loan’ of 10 talents • When refused Polycrates attacked plundered and also demanded a ransom of 100 talents

• Symptomatic of difficulty of definitions • Large fleet, and land holdings – Suggestive of a political entity – therefore warfare • Actions in demanding “ransom, ” attacking without discrimination – Suggestive of piratical activity – therefore Piracy

• Throughout the region coastal raids were a major worry • No matter how poor • People - potential for ransom or slaves • Protection was a major concern fall • Every settlement and farmstead kept watchdogs • Barking dog = intruders?

• On Crete, after being told that • • • he would be responsible for his fathers death, a young king left for Rhodes where he set up his own kingdom Many years later the father – missing his son sailed to Rhodes The dogs barked People of Rhodes thinking him a pirate, Cretians were notorious pirates, killed him

Arrival of the Persians • Piracy in the eastern Mediterranean was brought to a holt by the arrival of the Persians • As the Persian empire expanded they conquered the Phoenicians • Using the captured Phoenicians' fleet Persia able to successfully attack Greece • At this point they had a sufficient fleet to bring and end to piracy and tyrants like Polycrates

• Persians actions detail • A example of a dominant political entity being able to use its might –Gained at the expense of others • To stamp authority and control of a region • Thereby ending piracy and piratical activities

• New power would be struck by a revolt from the Ionians • Persia launches an all out attack on Ionian Greece • Looking for allies Ionians turned to Sparta – refused • Found support in Athens and the island

• The ‘aid’ mission of • • • Athens and the Eretrians was in fact a cover for a piratical attack They stormed onto land sacked the city of Sardis home of the Lydian people Failed due to fire Muddied the waters more – Lydians turned against Ionians – Persia now wanted to punish to Athens and Euoba

• Persians surprisingly defeated during retribution attack • Rather than combine • Victorious city states began to fight among themselves • 3 years later the Persians returned • Conquered the Ionians • Then spread west across the Aegean Sea defeating the Eretains

• 490 BCE Persians defeated • • • by the Athenians at Marathon Hero of the Athenian victory was Miltiades He used his prestige to persuade the Athenians to put him in charge of the navy Headed of on ‘secret’ mission

• This mission was in effect nothing more than a large scale pirating expedition • Attacked an island nation but failed to take anything and was also injured • Upon his return he was found guilty of acting in an individual rather than public way • Individual within an empire acting as a pirate • But, what if he had succeeded?

• After Miltiades disgrace • Themistocles took command built a large navy and allied with several local allies to defeat the Persians • Athens formed the Delian league • This led to the exclusion of all enemies from the seas of the Mediterranean • Also took away safe havens for pirates