CLIMATOLOGY OF CHINA AUTUMN CLIMATOLOGY OF CHINA GEOGRAPHICAL

CLIMATOLOGY OF CHINA AUTUMN

CLIMATOLOGY OF CHINA • • • GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION SEASONS TRANSIENT DISTURBANCES PRECIPITATION AVIATION WEATHER HAZARDS

CHINA – TERRAIN MAP

CHINA – POLITICAL (INTERNAL) MONGOLIAN NORTHWEST BORDERLANDS NORTH CHINA TAR SOUTH CHINA NE CHINA

SEASONS OF CHINA • • WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN - DEC - FEB MAR - MAY JUN - AUG SEP – NOV • "MAI-YU" • "CRACHIN" - APR - JUNE FEB - APR

DURATION OF THE SEASONS (MONTHS) AUTUMN WINTER REGION / SEASON SPRING SUMMER NORTH WEST CHINA 2 -3 2 2 5 -6 NORTH CHINA 1. 5 -3 2 -4. 5 1. 5 -2 4. 5 -6 CENTRAL CHINA 2 -3 3 -5 2 -3 2. 5 -4. 5 SOUTH CHINA 4 -6 6 -8 4 -6 -

AUTUMN • A PERIOD OF FINE AND COMFORTABLE WEATHER • CRISP AIR, BRIGHT SUNSHINE AND GENTLE BREEZES • HIGH TEMPERATURES PERSIST IN SEP •

NORTH EAST MONSOON • ATTRIBUTED TO COLD AIR AND HIGH PRESSURE AREA OVER ASIAN CONTINENT • HOT WX REPLACED BY MILD CONDITIONS • WINDS TURNING FROM SW –SE’LIES TO NE-N’LIES • CAN AFFECT TROPICAL CYCLONES OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA • IF NE MONSOON MEETS WARM & MOIST AIR OF TROPICAL CYCLONES, WINDY AND RAILNY WX FOLLOWS, CALLED “WET COLD DEW WIND” IN MAINLAND CHINA • INTERVAL BETWEEN TWO WCDW IS 6 -8 DAYS

DISTURBANCES TROUGH IN WESTERLIES EXTRA TROPICAL CYCLONES & ANTICYCLONES TYPHOONS

TROUGHS IN THE WESTERLIES AREA STAYS THE • MOST UNDER OF WESTERLY WIND REGIME •

EXTRA TROPICAL CYCLONES & ANTICYCLONES • MAXIMUM INTENSITY IN JUNE. • WINTERS • ORIGINATE IN SIBERIA AND MONGOLIA DURING WINTERS (CRACHIN) •

TYPHOONS • FROM CHINESE WORD ‘TEI FUNG’ MEANING ‘BIG WIND’ • PACIFIC, MAXIMUM 4 -6 PER MONTH, DURING JULY TO OCTOBER • DECEMBER TO APRIL • RAINFALL IN SOUTHEAST AND NORTH CHINA. ACCOUNTS FOR > 50% OF ANNUAL RAINFALL IN THE COASTAL REGIONS • FROM THE COAST

TYPHOON STATISTICS MONTH DEPRESSION TYPHOON D + TY JAN 0. 2 0. 5 0. 7 FEB 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 MAR 0. 1 0. 5 0. 6 APR 0. 1 0. 7 0. 8 MAY 0. 1 1. 2 JUN 0. 7 2. 0 2. 7 JUL 1. 4 4. 4 5. 8 AUG 2. 3 6. 1 8. 4 SEP 1. 8 5. 3 7. 1 OCT 0. 8 3. 8 4. 6 NOV 0. 4 2. 7 3. 1 DEC 0. 4 1. 3 1. 7 Total (Year) 8. 5 28. 8 37. 3

TYPHOON STATISTICS PERCENTAGE OF TYPHOON STRIKES EXPERIENCED COUNTRY/ BY COUNTRIES IN NW PACIFIC (1949 -76) MONTH(S) JAN-MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT OCT NOVDEC YEAR CHINA 25 38 48 39 40 19 16 35 PHILIPPIN -ES 66 24 13 8 8 31 60 21 JAPAN 6 22 20 1 19 13 9 23 15 VIETNAM KOREA USSR 3 9 2 1 ON AVERAGE 24 11 8 -10 TYPHOONS IN 9 16 36 A YEAR WITH MAX 11 7 1 PROBABILITY IN JULY 4 4 3 28 6 3

PRECIPITATION

ANNUAL VARIATION SEASON MONTHS CLIMATE WINTER NOV –FEB DRY & COLD SUMMER JUN – AUG RAINY MAY TRANSITIONAL MONTHS SEP JAN N CHINA EXPERIENCES VERY DRY WX PERSISTENTLY CLEAR SKIES RAINFALL AMOUNT > 50 MM NE & NW CHINA, MONGOLIAN BORDERLANDS RECEIVES RF/SF BETWEEN 50 – 100 MM JULY PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY IS MORE N, S AND NE CHINA RECEIVE RF BETWEEN 150 – 200 MM NW CHINA RECEIVE < 25 MM SPRING APRIL N & S CHINA RECEIVES > 100 MM TIBET, NW CHINAAND MONGOLIAN BORDERLANDS < 25 MM AUTUMN OCT N AND S CHINA RECEIVES <50 MM NW < 10 MMAND NE < 50 MM WINTER SUMMER

CHINA – RIVER BASINS > 50 MM QIN LING, HUAIHE 750 MM YANGTSE 1000 -1500 MM TAIWAN, HAINAN ISLAND, GUANGDONG 1750 -2000 MM

CHINA – TEMPERATURE

AVIATION WEATHER HAZARDS

DUST STORMS •

E FOG ADVECTION • COMMON FOG ISSUMMERS, IN RADIATION TYPE IN WINTERS • H IN THE MORNING. IN JAN, PERSISTS TILL NOON OVER LAND AREAS. • AND SICHUAN BASIN. (186 DAYS PER YEAR) •

THUNDERSTORM • MOSTFAVOURABLEREGIONSAREHAINANAND LUICHOW PENINSULA WITH FREQUENCY 90 -100 PER YEAR DURING MAR-SEP •

HAIL • OCCURS JUST ONCE OR TWICE PER YEAR OVER YUNNAN (SOUTH CHINA), OTHERWISE PRACTICALLY UNKNOWN IN THE PLAINS •

CONCLUSION