CHAPTER 6 THE DUEL FOR NORTH AMERICA French

CHAPTER 6 THE DUEL FOR NORTH AMERICA

French Settlement in North America France came late to NA colonization Ø Edict of Nantes Ø Louis XIV: 1643 -1715 Ø Samuel de Champlain Ø France ruled Canada autocratically Ø Reasons Canada grew slowly Ø French holdings: 1700

New France Fans Out Beaver and other furs important resource Ø Fur-trappers ranged over French Territory Ø Important interaction with Native Americans Ø Exploration of Voyageurs Ø Jesuit Missionaries Ø

Map 6. 2: Fur-Trading Posts

Other French Explorers Ø Antoine Cadillac founded Detroit Ø Robert de La Salle: interior basin “Louisiana” Ø Early 1700 s establish a number of posts on the Mississippi river. Ø New Orleans founded in 1718. l Significance of New Orleans?

Clash of Empire King Williams’ War 1689 -1697 (War of the league of Augsburg) l British and allies against French and Spanish to try to check the power of France Ø Queen Anne’s War 1702 -1713 (War of Spanish Succession) l Fought when Louis XIV tries to put his Grandson on the throne of Spain Ø

Treaty of Utrecht Ø England gets : l Nova Scotia l Newfoundland l Hudson Bay area l limited trading rights in Spanish America

Clash of Empires Ø King George’s War— 1744 -48 (War of Austrian Succession in Europe) l l France and Spain against British (in North America) Cape Breton Island. Brits give it back in the peace treaty. (1748) New Englanders outraged.

Background to French and Indian War Ø Ohio Valley dispute Ø Va. Governor Dinwitty sends militia and George Washington Ø Fort Necessity Ø GW forced to surrender after 10 -hour siege Ø Unofficial start of the French and Indian War (Seven-Years War).

French and Indian War In Europe, England Prussia against France, Spain, Austria and Russia Ø In America, French and their Indian allies against British, colonists and their Indian allies Ø

Albany Congress 7 of 13 Colonies send reps. Ø Short-range purpose Ø Long-range purpose Ø Ben Franklin’s Albany Plan Ø

French and Indian War Fort Duquesne Ø Battle of the Wilderness 7/9/55 Ø l l Braddock Brits pummeled Washington a hero Significance

French and Indian War Ø William Pitt new Prime Minister l l “Great Commoner” His policies toward war Louisburg Ø James Wolfe – Quebec Ø

Ø Treaty of Paris 1763: l l Canada seceded to Brit. French forced to give Louisiana to Spain. Spanish give Florida to the Brits. France completely out of N. A.

Affects of War Ø 20, 000 Americans fight in the war. Ø Colonies emerge with renewed confidence in their military abilities. Ø Myth of invincible Brit. troops shattered. Ø Brits have contempt for colonial militias. Ø Some colonists had not supported the war. Ø Greater Colonial Unity

Impact of War on Colonists Ø New sense of Freedom-French Gone Ø Feel less dependent on Brits Ø Want to spread into Ohio Valley Ø Indian threat reduced Ø Pontiac’s Rebellion l Significance

Proclamation of 1763 What did it do? Ø What was Britain’s objective Ø How did the colonists react to it? Ø

End of Chapter