European Nations Settle North America Ch 20 Sec

European Nations Settle North America Ch. 20 Sec. 2

Bellringer: 9/25/2013 • 1. Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15 th Century sailing innovations? • 2. The French and Indian War was a conflict over what land area in North America? • 3. What are mestizos?

Answer: 9/25/2013 • 1. Portugal • 2. the Ohio River Valley • 3. Persons of Spanish and Native American descent.

Agenda: 9/25/2013 • Bellringer • CNN Student News (if possible) • Finish notes on the colonization of the Americas • Review Guide on the Age of Exploration and the Colonization of the Americas Study Guide: Due tomorrow—Thursday, September 26 th, 2013

Competing Claims in North America • Spain’s successful colonization in the Americas spurred other European countries in colonizing new lands as well. • France, England, and the Netherlands wanted to find a more direct route to Asia. • Not finding a route through N. America, these countries instead, est’d. colonies.

New France • da Verrazzano, an Italian sailing for France in 1524 discovered what is today New York Harbor. • 10 yrs. Later Jacques Cartier reached a gulf of the E. coast of Canada, & a river that he named the St. Lawrence. • Sailed to a Mtn on an island, called it Mount Royal, present day Montreal.

New France (cont’d. ) • 1608 – Samuel de Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence w/ 32 colonists and founded Quebec. • This became the base of France’s colonial empire in N. Amer. Known as New France. • 1673 – Fre. Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette & trader Louis Joliet explored the Great Lakes & upper Miss. River. • Nearly 10 yrs later, Sieur de La Salle explored the lower Miss. He claimed the entire river valley for Fra. , & named it Louisiana in honor of Louis. XIV.

New France (cont’d. ) • By the early 1700’s, New France covered much of what is now the mid-west US & eastern Canada. • Trade – Fra. ’s empire was vast but sparse in population. Most colonists were fur trappers & Catholic priest trying to convert the natives.

The English in N. America • In 1606, London investors received a charter from King James to found a colony in N. Amer. • The settlers claimed the land & The company sent 3 ships & more than 100 settlers; 4 mos later, in 1607 they reached the coast of Virginia. • named the settlement Jamestown, in honor of the king. • Jamestown’s start was disastrous; settlers wanted to find gold instead of planting crops. • 7 out of 10 died of hunger, disease, or battles with Native Americans. • After relocation, colonists eventually began to thrive, after tobacco was discovered.

The Puritans • 1620 – a group known as the Pilgrims founded a 2 nd English colony, Plymouth, MA. • Pilgrims came to New England seeking religious freedom. • 10 yrs. Later the Puritans also sought religious freedom, est’d. a larger colony in Mass. • The Puritans wanted to create a model community that would set an ex. for other Christians to follow.

The Dutch • 1609 - Henry Hudson sailed for the Netherlands in search of a northwest sea route to Asia. • He did not find that route, but explored 3 waterways named for him: Hudson River, Hudson Bay, & Hudson Strait. • The Dutch claimed lands along these water ways & est’d. fur trade w/ Iroquois Indians. • 1621 Dutch Gov. allowed colonization & they were New Netherland.

Colonizing the Caribbean • During the 1600’s European nations colonized the Caribbean. • France – controlled Haiti, Guadeloupe, & Martinique. • England – Barbados & Jamaica. • Dutch – In 1634 they captured the Netherlands Antilles & Aruba from Spain. • Europeans built huge cotton & sugar plantations.

The Struggle for North America • The English felt that New Netherland separated their northern & southern colonies. • 1664 -Duke of York was given permission to drive out Dutch. • Dutch surrendered w/out a shot, D. of York renamed colony New York. • Eng. Colonized the Atlantic Coast; by 1750 about 1. 2 mill lived in 13 colonies.

England Battles France • Better colonies meant more ppl, which meant more land. Eng. Pushed west into French territory • 1754 -a dispute be/ Fre. & Brits over land claims in Ohio Valley led to war. • French & Indian War-both sides enlisted help of N. Americans, turned into a larger conflict = The Seven Years’ War. • Brits & Fre fought for supremacy in Europe & N Amer.

Native Americans Respond • European settlement brought mostly disaster for the Native Americans • Fre & Dutch developed relationships with N. A. due to mutual benefits of the fur trade. • Eng. Had conflict concerning land & religion. • Unlike others Brits wanted to populate their colonies, pushing N. A. off of their lands.

Native Americans Respond • Eng seized land for more population & growing tobacco. • Eng considered N. Amer heathens or ppl w/out faith, some viewed them as agents of the devil. • N. Americans developed similar opinions of the Europeans.

Settlers & Native Americans Battle • Hostility led to warfare, 1622 -Powhatan tribe attacked villages around Jamestown & killed about 350 settlers. • During the nxt few yrs, colonists struck back & killed 100’s of Powhatan. • King Philip’s War-1675, Na. Amer Metacom(King Philip) led attacks on villages thru Mass. • Both sides massacred 100’s of victims, after a yr of fighting, the colonists defeated the natives. • More destructive than wars were the diseases that Europeans brought to N. America.

Review Guide • You will need your notes, vocabulary, and textbook to answer the questions. • These questions are intended to help review concepts, people, and other information covered on your test. • Your test is on Friday! • Honors please prepare to write a 5 paragraph essay on your test. The topic will be given to you on tomorrow. !