Chapter 4 NeoAnalytic and Ego Aspects of Personality
- Slides: 39
Chapter 4: Neo-Analytic and Ego Aspects of Personality: Identity This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: (1) Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; (2) Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; (3) Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung The mind/psyche has three parts: ◦ Ego ◦ The personal unconscious ◦ The collective unconscious Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung Parts of the mind: Ego ◦ The conscious part of personality ◦ Embodies the sense of self ◦ Similar to Freud’s concept of ego Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung Parts The of the mind: personal unconscious ◦ Contains thoughts that are not currently part of conscious awareness ◦ Not only threatening and unacceptable material, but all non-conscious material ◦ Contains past and “future” material Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung Parts The of the mind: collective unconscious ◦ A deeper level of the unconscious ◦ Shared with the rest of humanity ◦ Contains archetypes universal emotional symbols Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung �Archetypes: ◦ Animus/Anima �Male element in a woman/female element in a man ◦ Persona and Shadow �Socially acceptable front vs. dark and unacceptable side of personality ◦ Mother �Embodiment of generativity and fertility ◦ Hero and Demon �Strong force for good vs. cruelty and evil Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung Complexes ◦ A “complex” is a group of emotionally charged thoughts that are related to a particular theme ◦ Jung created a word association test to study complexes ◦ The pattern of words produced reveals the complex Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung Example word-association test: As soon as a word appears, say aloud the first word you think of Words will appear one by one Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Head Green Water Death Ship Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung The four functions of the mind: ◦ Sensing ◦ Thinking ◦ Feeling ◦ Intuiting Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung The two major attitudes of the mind: Extroversion ◦ Directs psychic energy toward things in the external world Introversion ◦ Directs psychic energy inward Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carl Jung 4 functions 2 attitudes 8 types (4 x 2) Typology ◦ Each person has a “best fit” to one type ◦ Determined by the person’s dominant function and dominant attitude Forms the basis of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Alfred Adler �“Individual Psychology” �Emphasizes the importance of social conditions on personality �Three fundamental social issues: ◦ Occupational tasks ◦ Societal tasks ◦ Love tasks �Expansion of Freud’s approach to increase emphasis on society and social relations Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Alfred Adler �Striving for superiority ◦ The central core of personality ◦ Inferiority complex ◦ Superiority complex (compensating for sense of inferiority) �Organ inferiority—everyone is born with some physical weakness Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Alfred Adler Aggression drive ◦ the drive to lash out against the inability to achieve something ◦ A reaction to perceived helplessness Masculine protest ◦ the individual’s attempt to be competent and independent (both boys and girls) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Alfred Adler Superiority striving ◦ Striving to obtain power and superiority over one’s own inferiority Perfection striving ◦ Striving to meet fictional goals ◦ Fictional goals reflect an individual's view of perfection Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Alfred Adler Birth order and family dynamics ◦ First-born children ◦ Second-born children ◦ Last-born children Current findings ◦ Frank Sulloway First born: success and achievement Later born: revolutionary and creative Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Alfred Adler Personality Typology Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Karen Horney Feminist neo-analytic theory Rejection of Freudian notion of penis envy Envy of masculine freedoms and privileges Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Karen Horney Basic anxiety—a child’s fear of being alone, helpless, and insecure Styles of coping with basic anxiety ◦ Passive (complying) ◦ Aggressive (fighting) ◦ Withdrawn (disengaging) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Karen Horney Different aspects of the self ◦ Real self The inner core of personality ◦ Despised self Feelings of inferiority and shortcomings ◦ Ideal self One’s view of perfection “Tyranny of the should” Goal of psychoanalysis is acceptance of the Real Self Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Karen Horney When alienated from the Real Self, people develop neurotic coping strategies ◦ Moving toward Striving to make others happy and gain love ◦ Moving against Striving for power and recognition ◦ Moving away Withdrawal of emotional investment Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Other Neo-Analysts Anna Freud ◦ Emphasized social influences on the ego ◦ Gave the ego more power ◦ Studied children and teens Heinz Hartmann ◦ The “father of ego psychology” ◦ Gave the ego more autonomy ◦ Id and ego in compensatory relationship Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Object Relations Theories Focus on the importance of relations with others in defining ourselves Margaret Mahler ◦ Theory of symbiosis (mother-child) Symbiotic psychotic (no sense of self) Normal symbiotic (healthy ego) ◦ Emphasized the importance of parenting skills Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Object Relations Theories Melanie Klein ◦ The first significant child psychoanalyst ◦ Developed technique of play therapy Heinz Kohut ◦ Fear of loss (of parent) ◦ Narcissistic personality disorder Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Erikson Neoanalytic stage theory Continues throughout life Unlike Freudian psychoanalytic theory, not focused on libido and sexual gratification Structured as a series of “ego crises” to be resolved ◦ Outcome of successful resolution of each stage is an “ego skill” mastered Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Erikson’s Stage Theory (early stages) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Erikson’s Stage Theory (later stages) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Some Modern Approaches to Identity �Jonathan Cheek ◦ Personal versus social self ◦ Communal/collective identity and relational identity �Self-monitoring (Mark Snyder) ◦ Dispositional and situational orientations �Personal projects, personal strivings, life tasks �Possible selves ◦ The search for a meaningful life (not empty selfesteem) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Timeline: Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Timeline: Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Timeline: Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Timeline: Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Analogy ◦ Humans are conscious actors and strivers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach �Advantages ◦ Importance of the goal-oriented nature of humans ◦ Acknowledges impact of society and culture ◦ Development continues throughout the life cycle ◦ Emphasizes the self as it struggles to cope with emotions on the inside and the demands of the world on the outside Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Limits ◦ Unconcerned with biology and fixed personality structures ◦ A hodgepodge of different ideas from different traditions ◦ Relies on abstract or vague concepts Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach View of free will ◦ Though personality is largely determined by unconscious forces, individuals do have the ability to overcome these Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Common assessment techniques ◦ Varies from free association to situational and autobiographical study, with an emphasis on self-concept Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach Implications for therapy ◦ As with psychoanalytic therapy, insight into inner motives is key ◦ But because the ego is central, there is less concern with unconscious motivation Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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